Introducti
on to
Brakes
Brakes are an essential safety
component in vehicles, allowing
drivers to slow down and stop
their cars effectively.
Understanding the different types
of brakes and how they function is
crucial for maintaining a well-
NAME : Aditi Sanjay Patil functioning and safe vehicle.
ROOL NO : E167
BATCH : E1D
PRN : 202301070136
DRUM BRAKES
Drum brakes use a set of brake shoes that expand outwards to
press against the inner surface of a rotating drum, creating
friction to slow down the vehicle.
The term drum brake usually means a brake in which shoes press
on the inner surface of the drum. When shoes press on the
outside of the drum, it is usually called a clasp brake. Where the
drum is pinched between two shoes, similar to a conventional
disc brake, it is sometimes called a pinch drum brake, though
such brakes are relatively rare. A related type called a band brake
uses a flexible belt or "band" wrapping around the outside of a
drum
DISC BRAKE
Disc brakes use a rotor that spins with the wheel, and
calipers with brake pads that clamp down on the rotor,
creating friction to stop the car. A disc brake is a type of
brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against
a disc or a rotor to create friction. There are two basic types
of brake pad friction mechanisms: abrasive friction and
adherent friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft,
such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed
or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted
into heat, which must be dispersed.
Regeneratv
e
Brakes
Hitting the brakes on a car creates kinetic energy.
Regenerative braking lets EVs and hybrid vehicles store
some of that kinetic energy in the battery to use when
you accelerate again. That's accomplished through the
EV motor's dual-rotation design.
Regenerative brakes in electric and hybrid vehicles use
the electric motor to slow the car, converting the kinetic
energy into electricity that is stored in the battery.
Brake System Components
1 2 Brake Pads/Shoes
Master Cylinder
The brake pads or shoes are the
The master cylinder is the heart of the components that make contact with the
hydraulic brake system, converting the rotor or drum to generate the friction
driver's pedal pressure into hydraulic needed to slow the vehicle.
pressure to actuate the brakes.
3 Brake Fluid 4 Brake Rotors/Drums
The rotors or drums are the rotating
Brake fluid is a specialized hydraulic components that the brake pads or
fluid that transmits the force from the shoes apply friction to, causing the
master cylinder to the brake calipers vehicle to slow down.
or wheel cylinders.
Hydraulic Brake System
Pedal Pressure Brake Application
When the driver presses the brake pedal, it The hydraulic pressure causes the brake
pushes the master cylinder piston, creating pads or shoes to press against the rotor or
hydraulic pressure. drum, slowing the vehicle.
1 2 3
Fluid Transmission
The hydraulic pressure is transmitted
through the brake lines to the wheel
cylinders or calipers.
Drum Brake Operation
Brake Drum Brake Shoes Wheel Brake Adjuster
The brake drum is a The brake shoes are
Cylinder The brake adjuster
rotating component positioned inside the The wheel cylinder ensures proper
attached to the drum and expand converts the clearance between
wheel hub. outward to make hydraulic pressure the shoes and drum
contact with the into mechanical for efficient braking.
inner surface. force to push the
brake shoes
outward.
Disc Brake Operation
Brake Pedal
The driver presses the brake pedal, which activates the master cylinder.
Brake Fluid
The hydraulic pressure is transmitted through the brake lines to the brake calipers.
Brake Pads
The brake pads clamp down on the rotating brake rotor, creating friction to slow
the vehicle.
Brake Maintenance and
Inspection
Brake Pad Inspection Brake Fluid Flush
Regularly check the brake pads for wear Flush the brake fluid at the manufacturer's
and ensure they have enough material recommended intervals to maintain system
remaining. performance.
Rotor Inspection Brake System Bleeding
Inspect the brake rotors for excessive wear, Bleed the brake system to remove any air
cracks, or warping, and replace them if bubbles and ensure a firm, responsive
necessary. brake pedal.
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding the different types of brakes, their components,
and proper maintenance is crucial for maintaining a safe and reliable vehicle.
By keeping your brakes in top condition, you can ensure your vehicle's
stopping power and protect yourself and others on the road.
