C PROGRAMMING
ALGORITHM AND
FLOWCHART
Agenda
Algorithm
Definition
Properties of an Algorithm
Simple Examples
Flowchart
Definition
Symbols used
Simple Examples
ALGORITHM
INTRODUCTION
An algorithm is a sequence of instructions that are carried out in a predetermined
sequence in order to solve a problem or complete a work. A function is a block of
code that can be called and executed from other parts of the program. A set of
instructions for resolving an issue or carrying out a certain activity. In computer
science, algorithms are used for a wide range of operations, from fundamental math to
intricate data processing. One of the common algorithms used in C is the sorting
algorithm. A sorting algorithm arranges a collection of items in a certain order, such as
numerically or alphabetically.
Definition
Algorithm is a well-defined, step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem
or performing a task. It serves as a blueprint for writing the code that achieves the desired
result.
Properties of an Algorithm
• Inputs: Algorithms must receive inputs that can be represented as values or data.
• Output: The algorithm should produce some output. It can be a consequence of a
problem or a solution designed to solve it.
• Clarity: Algorithms must be precisely defined, using unambiguous instructions that a
computer or other system can follow unambiguously.
• Finiteness: The algorithm requires a limited steps. It means that it should be exited
after executing a certain number of commands.
Properties of an Algorithm
• Validity: The algorithm must be valid. In other words, it should be able to produce a
solution to the problem that the algorithm is designed to solve in a reasonable amount
of time.
• Effectiveness: An algorithm must be effective, meaning that it must be able to produce
a solution to the problem it is designed to solve in a reasonable amount of time.
• Generality: An algorithm must be general, meaning that it can be applied to a wide
range of problems rather than being specific to a single problem.
Example of Algorithm
Exampl1: Write an algorithm to read two numbers and find their sum.
Inputs to the algorithm:
First num1.
Second num2.
Expected output:
Sum of the two numbers.
Algorithm:
Step1: Start
Step2: Read\input the first num1.
Step3: Read\input the second num2.
Step4: Sum num1+num2 // calculation of sum
Step5: Print Sum
Step6: End
Example of Algorithm
Example 2: Algorithm for finding the average of three numbers is as follows
Step1: Start
Step2: Read 3 numbers a,b,c
Step3: Compute sum = a+b+c
Step4: Compute average = sum/3
Step5: Print average value
Step6: Stop
Example of Algorithm
Example 3: Algorithm to check whether the input numbers is even or odd
Step1: Start
Step2: Enter a number in a
Step3: Check if it is even or odd
Step4: If even print “even”
Step5: Else odd print “odd”
Step6: Stop
Advantages of Algorithm
1. You can easily understand the motive of the program.
2. Help in searching / identifying the error.
3. Help in correcting the errors.
4. Help to write a complex program in an easy way as because algorithm solves any
problem / program step - by - step.
FLOWCHART
The Flowchart is the most widely used graphical representation of an algorithm and
procedural design workflows. It uses various symbols to show the operations and decisions
to be followed in a program. It flows in sequential order.
Flowchart Symbols
There are 6 basic symbols commonly used in flowcharting of assembly language
Programs: Terminal, Process, input/output, Decision, Connector and Predefined Process.
This is not a complete list of all the possible flowcharting symbols, it is the ones used most
often in the structure of Assembly language programming.
Notations used in Flowchart
Notations used in Flowchart
Terminal Symbol: In the flowchart, it is represented with the help of a
circle for denoting the start and stop symbol. The symbol given below is
used to represent the terminal symbol.
Notations used in Flowchart
Input/output Symbol: The input symbol is used to represent the input
data, and the output symbol is used to display the output operation. The
symbol given below is used for representing the Input/output symbol.
Notations used in Flowchart
Decision Symbol: Diamond symbol is used for represents decision-making statements.
The symbol given below is used to represent the decision symbol.
Notations used in Flowchart
Flow lines: It represents the exact sequence in which instructions are executed. Arrows are
used to represent the flow lines in a flowchart. The symbol given below is used for
representing the flow lines:
Notation used in Flowchart
Examples of Flowcharts
Design a flowchart for addition of two numbers.
Examples of Flowcharts
Example 2:Flowchart for the problem of printing even or odd number
Examples of Flowcharts
Example 2: Design a flowchart for checking whether the number is
positive or negative according to the number entered by the user.
ALGORITHM AND FLOWCHART WITH CODE
To Find Sum Of Number
THANK YOU
