IKAW NA!
•Let’s check your assignment.
The Government and its Purposes
• According to Mendoza (1999), government
is the term generally used in referring the
formal institutions through which a group
of people is ruled or governed and the term
extends to include the people and
organizations that make, enforce, and apply
political decisions for a society.
•Government as explained by De Leon
(1991) is created for the benefit of the
people governed and it accomplishes
services or functions that are beyond
the capabilities of any individual or
enterprise.
Governance vs. Government
• Governance which is defined as the process
of decision-making and the process by which
decisions are implemented.
• While government is defined as the group of
people with the authority to govern a country
or state; a particular ministry in office.
(Oxford Dictionary)
Governance
• Governance according to Tamayo (2014) is
commonly defined as the exercise of power or
authority by political leaders for attainment of the
well-being of their country’s citizens or
inhabitants.
• He added that it is a complex process in which some
sectors of society exercise power and create public
policies that directly affect the members of society.
Purposes of Government
(1) the maintenance of peace and order;
(2) the protection of persons and property;
(3) the administration of justice;
(4) the promotion of education;
(5) the preservation of the state from external danger
and;
(6) the advancement of the physical, economic and
social and cultural well-being of the people.
Anne Mette Kjaer (2004) as cited by Tamayo (2014)
clarifies the following features about governance:
•Governance is broader than
government because other sectors
are included in it: the government
(also called the public sector) is
always the main actor in governance
but it is not the only actor.
Anne Mette Kjaer (2004) as cited by Tamayo (2014)
clarifies the following features about governance:
•Governance is based on the reality
that the government cannot do
everything for the people but enabling
environment for other actors of
governance to participate and respond
to the pursuit of the common good.
Anne Mette Kjaer (2004) as cited by Tamayo (2014)
clarifies the following features about governance:
•All actors other than the government are
called the “civil society.”
•The civil society includes non-
governmental organizations, and other
community-based and sectoral
organizations that are private in nature
but have public functions or objectives
Indicators of Good Governance
1. Participatory
Good governance necessarily requires participation of
the different sectors of society. Participation means
active involvement of all concerned and interested
sectors in the decision-making process. It requires an
enabling environment. Governance should no longer
be government monopoly but government
management or inter-sectoral participation.
Indicators of Good Governance
2. Rule of Law
Good governance is fundamentally adherence to
the rule of law. Rule of law requires that the
people give habitual obedience to the law.
The government acts within the limits of the
powers and functions prescribed by the law.
Under this indicator, laws should be responsive
to the needs of the society.
Indicators of Good Governance
3. Effectiveness and Efficiency
Good governance requires that the institutions,
processes, and actors deliver and meet the needs of
society in a way that available resources are used well.
Service delivery in public sector, especially of front-line
agencies, must promptly and adequately serve the
needs of the citizens instituting simplified government
procedures and inexpensive transaction costs.
Indicators of Good Governance
4. Transparency
Transparency means that people can access
information regarding decision making process
and the implementation of decisions.
Information on matters of public concern are
made available to the citizens or those who will
be directly affected.
Indicators of Good Governance
5. Responsiveness
Responsiveness means that institutions and
processes should serve all the stakeholders in
timely and appropriate way.
Interests of all citizens must be well protected in a
prompt and appropriate manner so that each of
them can appreciate and take part in the process
of governance.
Indicators of Good Governance
6. Equity and Inclusiveness
Equity and inclusiveness mean that all members of
society, especially the most vulnerable ones must be
taken into consideration.
Everyone has a stake in society; no one should feel
alienated from it. Those who have less in life should
have more in law. Good governance demands that
the actors must give preferential treatment to the
conditions of the poor.
Indicators of Good Governance
7. Consensus Oriented
Governance is consensus oriented when decisions
are made after taking into consideration the
different perspectives.
A procedure for conflict resolution must be in place
because it is possible that conflict will arise from
competing interests of the actors. Governance is
based on the partnership of the actors of the society
in providing public services
Indicators of Good Governance
8. Accountability
Accountability refers to answerability or responsibility
for one’s action, based on the principle that each
person or group is responsible for their actions most
especially when their acts affect public interest.
Actors have an obligation to explain and be answerable
for the consequences of decisions and actions they
have made on behalf of the society it serves.
Recall
•What are the indicators
of a good governance?
Generalization
•What is the importance of
good governance in the
lives of the people?
Quiz
1. What do you call the formal institutions
through which a group of people is ruled or
governed?
• a. Civil Society
• b. Governance
• c. Government
• d. Politics
2. According to this characteristic of good
governance, every person or group is responsible
for their actions most especially when their acts
affect public interest.
a. Accountability
b. Responsiveness
c. Rule of Law
d. Transparency
3. Indicator of good governance wherein the
most vulnerable ones are taken into
consideration.
a. Accountability
b. Equity and inclusiveness
c. Participatory
d. Transparency
4. What term pertains to organizations that
are private in nature but have public
functions or objectives that affect the process
of governance?
a. Civil Society
b. Governance
c. Government
d. State
5. Active involvement of all affected and
interested parties in the decision making process
is the hallmark of this indicator of good
governance.
a. Accountability
b. Consensus
c. Equity and inclusiveness
d. Participatory
Assignment
