Hummingbivd Inspivcd

Wing Dvivc Mcchanism

I. Introduction
II. Hummingbird Flight
III. Design Considerations
IV. Design Components
V. Future Work
VI. Conclusions
VII.Acknowledgements
VIII.References
I. Introduction
O Biologically inspired robots are a new Irontier in
autonomous systems.
O Bio-inspired robots have shown to be highly
maneuverable and have the ability to Iunction in a variety
oI environments.
O These bird-inspired robots are called ornithopters which
Ily by Ilapping their wings.
O The ornithopter was driven by machine learning soItware
known as a steady state linear evolutionary algorithm.
The photograph above shows an ornithopter with its Ilapping wings
II. Hummingbird Flight
O ummingbirds have very unique Ilight characteristics
which are unlike that oI any other 'ordinary bird but it
has the same physical structure as most birds.
O These birds typically Ily at top speeds oI 26 mph and beat
their wings 60-80 times per second during normal Ilight.
owever, during acceleration they are able to beat their
wings up to 200 times per second.
O The upper and Iorearms are small and rigid, and the
wings consist almost entirely oI Ieathers and muscles. In
Iact, 25 oI a hummingbird`s body weight consists oI
Ilight muscles.
The hummingbird can only articulate its wing at the
shoulder.
O The structure oI the wing also allows the hummingbird to
generate propulsion and liIt during both the upstroke and
the downstroke .
O Overall, hummingbirds have very Ilexible wings. As the
hummingbird Ilies and the wing moves, a 'depressor
muscles powers the downbeat and an 'elevator muscle
powers the upbeat
O There are three distinct types oI Ilight maneuvers Ior the
hummingbird which consist oI Iorward Ilight, backward
Ilight, and hovering.
uring the Iorward Iull speed Ilight position, liIt is
provided by both the down and upbeats as the bird
rapidly Ilaps its` wings
O ummingbirds also have a so called 'reverse gear which
enables them to Ily backwards. In order to make this
maneuver, the body oI the bird is vertical and it is able to
achieve backwards thrust by moving its wings in a circular
path above its head .
O In the hovering position, its wings move Iorward and
backward to generate liIt in a plane perpendicular to the
ground with the leading edge upward .
O ummingbirds support 75 oI their entire body weight
during the downstroke and 25 oI their body weight
during the upstroke while in the hovering position.
The wing motion oI the hummingbird during Ilight.
III. Design Considerations
O Because the rotation oI the wings is still a Iairly novel
design concept Ior ornithopters, three diIIerent
mechanisms were considered that would allow the wings
to attain optimum rotation oI 180.
O 1. Cam-followei_`em
VI. Conclusions
O It is evident that biologically inspired robotics is a rapidly
growing Iield since these robots oIIer many advantages
over older traditional designs.
O As new and improved robotic designs keep being
invented, bio-inspired robots can be used Ior more and
more real-world applications.
O The preliminary calculation done thus Iar show that this
model should Ilap and rotate its wings thereby generating
enough liIt in order to hover.