ANCIENT
PERIOD
Presented by: Group Two
(2)
Ancient Period
While the pre-historic art is associated with struggle for
security and human survival, art in the ancient period
represented the architectural construction of stones and
bricks for temples, fortresses, tombs and palaces that
symbolize power and authority.
• 2700 BCE
Ancient Sumerians constructed the Ziggura of Ur as
a votive offering to Enlil, their deity.
• 2000 BCE
The pyramids built at Giza, Egypt served as tombs of
the pharaohs.
• 1500 BCE
The mortuary temples of Queen Hatshepsut and her
family were constructed duing the New Kingdom.
• 1300 BCE
The carving of the Bust of
Nefertiti. in Figure 7 was a
famous contribution of art of
sculpting during the Amarna
period.
Her bust reminds women's
political power and leadership in
the ancient world (2005).
Figure 7. Bust of Nefertiti
(Tyldesley, 2005)
• 575 BCE
The Gate of Ishtar constructed in
Babylon (now Iraq) is one of the
famous citadels in the ancient
world (Agustyn,Giza, et al,2016).
The legacies of the Age of Metals coincided with a significant part of the
ancient world. At the height of the Bronze Age, art of pottery making
was more elaborate during the Minoan (1500 BCE) and the Mycenean
(1200 BCE) kingdoms in Ancient Greece. The Minoan Palace of
Knossos and the Lions Grate (Lethaby, 1918) in Mycenae were few of its
greatest contributions in architectural art. According to Coppock (2000),
the Minoan palaces of Crete abounded with brilliantly colored paintings
with representation of birds and animals.
Figure 8. Greek Art (Coppock,
2000; Cartwright, 2012; Lethaby,
1918; Ellis & Esler, 2003; aand
Family Encyclopedia, 1996)
• As shown in Figure 8, Minoan artists depicted sea creatures because of
their island location in the Mediterranean Sea.
• Greece was able to produce the Parthenon in Acropolis as symbol of
power and elevated the culture of democracy (Ellis& Esler, 2003).
• The Greeks spent their leisure by watching a stage presentation or play at
the Theater of Delphi with more than 5,000 expectant visitors (Cartwright,
2012).
• The Athenians were also known in slip or layered clay pots depicting a
typical farm life (Family Encyclopedia of World History, 1996).
• The Egyptians were the first group of people to use copper for ornaments
durino during the Copper Age. The art of mixing of The copper and tin
resulted in the production of bronze bronze that transitioned this Age to the
Bronze Age.
• The smelting of iron by the Hittites of Asia Minor (now Turkey) ushered
the introduction of the Iron Age with the creation of chariots as shown in
Figure 9 (Kerrigan, 2017) .This casting of iron was introduced when Egypt
signed up a treaty between the Hittites to end their animosities and fighting
to maintain peace and brotherhood in the region (Ellis&Esler, 2003).
Figure 9. Iron Chariot (Kerrigan, 2017)
• This discovery facilitated transportation and iron wheels
that contributed to the enhancement of civilization
during the ancient times.
• Greek art greatly influenced the Etruscan art (600 BCE) by mixing
Greek and Roman styles to create composite columns in
sophisticated homes and tombs. The structure of the Sarcophagus
from Cerveteri, Apulu (Apollo) and the interior of the Tombs of
the Reliefs of Cerveteri reflect their combined sophistication.
• After the Etruscans were wiped out in the peninsula, the Romans
established a republic in 200 BCE and built an empire that lasted
until 250 CE. S
• Structures of temples, tombs, palaces, colosseums and aqueducts were
inspired by verism or Roman realism in art, which expresses practical
and down-to-earth style and motif.
• The Romans were also known for their frescoes, mosaic and murals.
Frescoes are mural paintings using watercolor in freshly laid plaster on
walls and ceilings.
• Early Christian art started in 40 BCE, which featured churches and
Christian images like the old St. Peter's Basıhica, Mausoleum of Galla
Placidia, Good Shepherd, Santa Constanza and St. Apolinarc Nouvo.
A Frescoe of "The Last Supper"
By Leonardo da Vinci c. 1415-1498
The Last Supper of Leonardo da Vinci exemplifies one of the
frescoes (Zelazko, 2018).
Bird Mosaic
Mosaic floor managemnnt from a
Synagogue or church, cut stone with
mortar from Israel late 5th-6th cennry
CE, n the Jewish useum, New York City
Mosaic is a picture made from colored chips of stone or glass
(Ellis & Esler, 2003).
The Creation of Adam"
by Michaelangelo, Ceiing of the Sistine
Chapel, Rome Italy
Murals are paintings executed directly on walls. One of the known
muralists during the Renaissance was Michelangelo (Cohen, 2018)
Sources:
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