THE ANATOMY
OF THE PECTORAL REGION
IN
8 QUESTIONS
1
1. Where is the pectoral region?
The pectoral region is external to the
anterior thoracic wall and anchors the upper
limb to the trunk.
2
2. What does the pectoral region consist of?
Superficial compartment
Contains skin, superficial fascia, breasts
Deep compartment
Contains muscles & associated structures
3
3. What are the muscles of the pectoral region?
Four pectoral muscles move the pectoral girdle
Pectoralis major Clavicular head: Medial half of clavicle
Medialprocess
Coracoid border of
of
Pectoralis minor scapula
scapula
Sternocostal head:
Serratus anterior Stabilizes Anterior surface of
Lateral lip of
scapula
3rd-5th and
Adducts ribs near sternum, superior six
intertubercular sulcus of
their costal
medially costal cartilages,
Subclavius humerus
Protracts
cartilages & rotates
rotates
aponeurosis of external
Lateral parts of oblique muscle
scapula
humerus
1st-8th ribs
4
4. What movements does the pectoralis major muscle ?
Pectoralis major
powerful adduction
medial rotation of the arm
clavicular
head flexing
the humerus
sternocostal
head extending
it back
5
5. What movements do pectoralis minor & subclavius ?
Pectoralis minor
stabilizes the scapula
touch an object that is just out of reach.
Assists in elevating the ribs
Subclavius
Anchors and depresses the clavicle, stabilizing
it during movements of the upper limb.
6
6. What movements does the serratus anterior ?
one of the most powerful muscles
of the pectoral girdle
Strong protractor of scapula –Abduction
used when punching or reaching anteriorly(boxer's
muscle).
7
7. How are these muscles innervated?
Pectoralis major Medial & Lateral pectoral nerves
Pectoralis minor Medial pectoral nerve
Subclavius Nerve to subclavius
Serratus anterior Long thoracic nerve
8
8. ..the claviopectoral fascia and triangle?
Deep to the pectoral
fascia & pectoralis major Clavipectoral
triangle
Descends from the cephalic vein can
clavicle be found.
formed by
pectoralis major,
deltoid & clavicle
Deltopectoral groove
9
THE ANATOMY
OF MAMMARY GLANDS
IN
4 QUESTIONS
10
1. Where are the mammary glands?
In the subcutaneous
tissue overlying the
pectoralis major and
minor muscles.
lateral border of the
sternum to the
midaxillary line
vertically from the
2nd through 6th ribs.
11
2. What structures are in the mammary glands -
macroscopically?
Nipple
surrounded by a circular pigmented area of
skin, areola (L. small area)
12
3. What structures are in the mammary glands -inside?
Axillary process or tail (of Spence)
The mammary gland is firmly
attached to the dermis of the
A series of ducts and associated
overlying skin, especially by
secretory lobules.
substantial These
skin converge
ligaments
to form
(L. 15 to 20 lactiferous
retinacula cutis), ducts,
which open independently
suspensory ligaments (of onto the
nipple.
Cooper).
help support the lobes and
lobules of the mammary gland.
13
4. ....breast in men?
Rudimentary and consists only of small ducts, often
composed of cords of cells, that normally do not extend
beyond the areola.
Breast cancer can occur in men.
14
