SURVEY
BASED
PROJECT
ON
VILLAGE GEHRA ,
PO SAKLANA,TEH.
DHARAMPUR ,
DISTT. MANDI(H.P)
Prepared By : Bhanu Priya Thakur
College Roll No. : 2003521002
University Roll No. :1200870566
Class : BA.3rd Year
Prepared Under The Guidance Of:
Dr. N.R Kashyap (Department of
Geography)
Govt. College Solan
SELECTION OF SURVEY
The reason that I selected the “Population
&Demographic” was simply to enhance my knowledge
and information about my own village .I have spend
most of my time away from village and only visited
occasionally.
Although I am aware of the cultural heritage there but I
am not aware of the change in population, society or
economy of the village.
So conducting this survey helps me connect to the social
environment and understand their problems and their
life better.
As geography is a field oriented science. So to attain the
knowledge of ground realities, to understand socio-
economic aspect of geography I selected the survey to
proceed my field work.
MAIN FOCUS OF SURVEY IS TO UNDERSTAND:-
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE VILLAGE
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE VILLAGE
INCOME LEVEL OF THE VILLAGE
TYPE OF CROP CULTIVATED
METHODS OF HORTICULTURE(use of chemical or
organic farming)
LITERACY AND EDUCATION IN THE VILLAGE.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For the successful completion of this research
work, I would like to extend my thanks and
cordial sense of gratitude to my research guide
Dr. N.R Kashyap (Department of Geography, Govt.
Degree College Solan) for his continuous guidance
for the investigation and preparation of this
dissertation.
I also wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to
the people of Vill. gehra (P.O saklana ,
Teh.dharampur , Distt. mandi (H.P) ) for being
cooperative and sharing required information for
the completion of survey report
I would also like to express my sincere gratitude
towards Members Of Gram Panchayat gehra and
Govt. Officials serving in the village for providing
additional information from Govt. Records which
made the report more reliable.
CONTENTS
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Aims for selecting Field survey:
Aim for selecting field survey i.e
Population and demographic survey of
village gehra is to know about the
demographic & economic structure of
village and to understand different
problems related to these
Objectives of field survey:
To understand the demography of the
village.(through data collected from
different household)
To study literacy pattern of the village.
To study income structure of the village
To study agricultural structure of the
village
Occupational structure of the village
INTRODUCTION
GEOGRAPHY : is the study of places and the
relationships between people and their
environments. Geographers explore both the
physical properties of Earth's surface and the human
societies spread across it.
Introduction to Fieldwork : Fieldwork is an
approach through which geographical knowledge and
skills can be acquired practically in the field. The
field is the major source of primary geographical
information (data). Therefore fieldwork involves
observation, interpreting what is observed and
recording the relationship of human and physical
environment.
It is both a natural science and social science as it
focuses on the natural conditions such as physical
features, weather etc. as well as the social features
such as employment, literacy , income etc.
Why do field work?
Developing and learning skills in data collection and
analysis.
Helps understand and appreciate the people, culture
, economy , environment and different views and
ideas of the concerned study area
It helps to find different problems in the society and
their solutions.
INTRODUCTION TO STUDY
AREA
gehra is a small village in
dharampur tehsil in mandi District
of Himachal Pradesh. It is located
13km from town of dharampur. And
118km from Distt. Headquater at
mandi
A Google earth outline of village:
1. Geographical location:
Latitude:31⁰14′32″N
Longitude:77⁰43′04″E
2. Relative Location: Andreothi(5km),
saklana(12km), Grehma (7.4km),
Shalawat(3.1)km
3. Altitude: the altitude of the village
ranges from 2200-2900meters.
4.Climate : it has a subtropical
highland climate .It is predominantly
cool during winters and moderately
warm during summers with
temperature ranging from -4⁰c at its
lowest in winters and 25⁰c as highest
during summer
5: Freshwater sources: underground
water and local stream(gehra khad)
DATA OF VILLAGE ACCORDINDG
TO GOVERNMENT RECORDS :
According to census 2011:
gehra is a medium size village located in
dharampur Tehsil of mandi district,
Himachal Pradesh with total 205 families
residing. The gehra village has population
of 922 of which 485 are males while 437
are females as per Population Census
2011.
In gehra village population of children
with age 0-6 is 90 which makes up 9.76 %
of total population of village. Average Sex
Ratio of gehra village is 901 which is lower
than Himachal Pradesh state average of
972. Child Sex Ratio for the gehra as per
census is 957, higher than Himachal
Pradesh average of 909.
gehra village has lower literacy rate
compared to Himachal Pradesh. In 2011,
literacy rate of gehra village was 80.05 %
compared to 82.80 % of Himachal Pradesh.
In gehra Male literacy stands at 89.52 %
while female literacy rate was 69.47 %.
Current population according to
panchayat records :
Total population:2104
Male population:1108
Female population:996
Land use pattern according to
revenue records:
Total land:
Agricultural land:
Forest land:
Number of voters:
MLA election:837(420male &417
Female)
Panchayat elections:1193
(678male&515 female)
GENERAL FACILITIES IN
THE VILLAGE
A primary school and high school
in the village from classes 1-
10(with a strength of 58 students
having 36 boys and 22 girls)
Whereas the nearest senior
secondary is in saklana which is
at at waking distance of 1 hr and
by road is 12km.
There is a Community Health
Centre(CHC) in the village for
providing first aid and treatment
for cold etc.
There are also fair rate shops
and other daily need shops in the
village.
LITERACY
Literate Illiterate Total
male 119 7 126
Female 95 14 109
Total 214 21 235
• The level of literacy in the village
is high in both males and females.
• The only illiterate ones are in older
age groups and infants.
• Also the education level of the
people is also high many are
gradates and maximum people
have completed school education.
• As for the method of schooling 80%
people prefer private schools over
government schools.
CONDUCTING FIELD
SURVEY IN THE VILLAGE
SURVEY
Demographic structure (based on
village sample):
Age 0-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 80+ total
group
Male 19 44 49 13 0 125
Femal 12 40 45 11 2 110
e
Total 31 84 94 24 2 235
Percen 13% 35% 39% 10% 3%
tage
Age
3% group
10% 13%
0-20
21-40
41-60
35% 61-80
39% 80+
From the above data we can
conclude that:
Male to female ratio is : 54.06%
male and 45.94% female.
41-60 age group has the highest
population(97 people) followed
by 0-20 age group(93 people)
Means the working population is
in good ratio with dependent
population
Youth is abundant in the village
which means more human
resource and more people to
earn money to stabilize the
village economy
The male to female ratio is close
in every age group.
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF
THE VILLAGE
S No. Occupation No. Of people
1. Horticulture 60
2. Govt. Job 43
3. Private Job 16
4. Business 13
5. Dependent population 103
120
Occupation
100
80
60
Occupation
40
20
0
From the data of occupational
structure we get that :
The major source of occupation
is horticulture(mainly apple
orchards ) therefore primary
sector is the largest sector.
After this many people are
engaged in govt. Jobs which is
second major source of
occupation.
Private jobs and business have
only few people engaged in it.
Then largest group is of
dependent population who do
not earn and are financially
dependent on earners of the
household.
HORTICULTURE
INCOME STRUCTURE OF THE
VILLAGE.
S No. Income No. Of families
1. BPL(<27000) 0
2. EWS(<400000) 4
3. 4-10Lakh 31
4. Above 10Lakh 25
Total 60
INCOME
35
30
25
20 INCOME
15
10
5
0
BPL EWS 4-10 Above
lakh 10lakh
From the data of income
structure we get that:
Not a single family is under poverty
line.
Then their is EWS section with
income less than 4 lakh who are
mainly engaged in horticulture .
They do not have any secondary
source of income.
The major section has income
between 4-10 lakh in ,this section
people are mainly employed
people and people with more
income from horticulture.
Then comes the section with more
than 10 lakh income who have
more than one person employed
and have additional agricultural
income .
RATIO OF CASH CROPS
S.No Crops No. Of families cultivating
1. Apple 60
2. Pear 20
3. Peaches 9
Cash Crops
60
50
40
Cash Crops
30
20
10
0
Apple Pear peaches
From the data of cash crops
grown by families it can be seen
that :
Apple is the major cash crop
which is grown by 100% of the
families
Then pear is the second most
grown cash crop.
But no other crop has
contribution enough to be
considered as cash crop.
Some people only produce
vegetables for personal
consumption.
100% people believe that apple
as a cash crop has replaced
traditional crops.
METHOD OF HORTICULTURE
Method No. Of families Envolved
Chemical fertilizer and 0
fungiscide intensive
Organic Farming 2
Chemical Fertilizer + 58
organic
METHOD
3%
Organic
Chemical+Organ
ic
97%
From the data of method of
horticulture it can be concluded
that:
Maximum no. Of people are
involved in mixed form of
horticulture method which include
both chemical fertilizers such
as(Urea, nitrogen, calcium,
boron , zinc etc.) with organic
manure included
Only 2 families are involved in
100% organic farming. And they
have shifted to this type of
farming in the recent years.
But still around 80 percent of
people answered that they are
willing to shift to organic farming
the upcoming future .
And before using fertilizers, only
3.3% people do soil testing which
is a concern for soil testing
FOREST AND IRRIGATION
According to 93% people of the
village the forest cover has
decreased over the past couple
decades which is the outcome of
increasing population and
clearing of forest for apple
farming.
As for irrigation the only source
for major population is seasonal
snowfall , rainfall and natural
reservoirs and the only other
source is constructed tanks.
And around 90% people feel that
due to climate change the
natural reservoirs of water are
slowly drying.
BIBLOGRAPHY
1. FIELD SURVEY(SAMPLE METHOD)
2. GOOGLE EARTH(for satellite
image of map)
3. Census data 2011
4. Panchayat Records
5. Revenue record for land use
information.
CONCLUSION
In this survey report of village gehra we
can come to conclusion that
gehra village is in a decent position in
terms of education , employment ,
income and every family is engaged in
the apple orchards as it is the major cash
crop.
It has every basic facility a village should
have such as school , PHC , roads etc.
The village has experienced many
changes in past decades in terms of
climate, agriculture , society etc.
And the people in the village are
actively trying to bring changes for the
betterment of their society.
The only things that can be given as
suggestion are to preserve the forest
near the village
And try to focus on mixed cropping and
organic farming to stop the degradation
of land in the future .
