Module 7: Routing Between

Networks

Instructor Materials
Networking Essentials (NETESS v2.0)
Instructor Materials – Module 7 Planning Guide

This PowerPoint deck is divided in two parts:

• Instructor Planning Guide
• Information to help you become familiar with the module
• Teaching aids
•Instructor Class Presentation
• Optional slides that you can use in the classroom
• Begins on slide # 10

Note: Remove the Planning Guide from this presentation before sharing with anyone.

For additional help and resources go to the Instructor Home Page and Course Resources for this
course. You also can visit the professional development site on [Link], the official Cisco
Networking Academy Facebook page, or Instructor Only FB group.

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What to Expect in this Module
To facilitate learning, the following features within the GUI may be included in this module:
Feature Description

Animations Expose learners to new skills and concepts.

Videos Expose learners to new skills and concepts.

Check Your Understanding (CYU) Per topic online quiz to help learners gauge content
understanding.
Labs Labs designed for working with physical equipment.

Packet Tracers Simulation and modeling activities designed to

explore, acquire, reinforce, and expand skills.
Module Quizzes Self-assessments that integrate concepts and skills
learned throughout the series of topics presented in
the module.
Module Summary Briefly recaps module content.

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Check Your Understanding

• Check Your Understanding activities are designed to let students quickly determine if they
understand the content and can proceed, or if they need to review.

• Check Your Understanding activities do not affect student grades.

• There are no separate slides for these activities in the PPT. They are listed in the notes area of the
slide that appears before these activities.

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Module 7: Activities
Page # Activity Type Activity Name Optional?
7.1.1 Video Dividing the Local Network recommended

7.1.3 Animation IP Packet Encapsulated in an Ethernet Frame required

7.1.4 Lab IPv4 Addresses and Network Communication recommended

7.2.1 Video Router Packet Forwarding recommended

7.2.2 Animation Path Selection recommended

7.2.3 Video Messages Within and Between Networks Part 1 recommended

7.2.4 Video Messages Within and Between Networks Part 2 recommended

7.2.5 Animation Packet Forwarding recommended

7.2.6 Video Messages Sent to Remote Networks recommended

7.2.9 CYU Select the Default Gateway recommended

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Module 7: Activities (Cont.)
Page # Activity Type Activity Name Optional?
7.2.10 CYU The Routing Table recommended

7.3.3 Packet Tracer Observe Data Flow in a LAN recommended

7.3.4 Lab Connect to a Wireless Router recommended

7.4.2 Module Quiz Routing Between Networks Quiz recommended

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Module 7: Best Practices

Prior to teaching Module 7, the instructor should:

• Review the activities and assessments for this module.
• Try to include as many questions/activities as possible to keep students engaged during classroom
presentation.
Topic 7.1
• Emphasize that the whole purpose of routing is to get packets to the proper network.
• Compare routing to taking a flight and leaving from airport A and going to airport B. You may stop at
other airports along the way.
• Ask the students for other comparisons.
• Consider doing the lab in groups of 2 or 4 students per group.

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Module 7: Best Practices (Cont.)
Topic 7.2
• Bring up an app that gives traveling directions. Have a student give you a starting destination and an
ending destination. Show how there are different ways to get to the destination, but there commonly
is a best way.
• Play the animation on 7.2.5 to show how the routing table is used to select a particular path.
Emphasize how routers are used to send packets destined for remote networks.
• Search the internet for network images. Bring a picture up and ask if a packet was being transferred
from point A to point B, would a router be used. Have some traffic stay on the local network and the
answer would be no and some examples where the traffic is sent to another network and the answer
would be yes.
• A common misconfiguration is the default gateway and time should be spent in groups or teams to
practice this skill. Search the internet using keywords of network with IP addresses. Look for pictures
that show hosts and router interfaces with IP addresses. Put students in teams of 4. Ask a team to
work together to come up with the correct default gateway. Show the image to the entire class, but
only the team can answer.
• An important concept is that the network portion of the destination IP address is used to compare
with the network numbers in the routing table to determine how the router will forward the packet.
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Module 7: Best Practices (Cont.)

Topic 7.3
• Use the 7.3.3 Packet Tracer and observe the data flow in a LAN together with the class. Otherwise,
have the students do 7.3.3 individually or in groups of 2.
• Add a router to the scenario or just draw it on the board and connect the router to the same switch
that has the 3 PCs (like the topology in Packet Tracer 7.3.3). Assign the router the address of
[Link] and ask the students what is the first PC’s default gateway, the second PC’s default
gateway, and the third PC’s default gateway. Then draw another line from the router and connect it to
a second switch. Label that router interface with [Link]. Add PCs to the second switch with the
IP addresses of [Link] and [Link]. Ask students what the default gateway would be for
these two PCs ([Link]).

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Module 7: Routing
Between Networks

Networking Essentials (NETESS)

Module Objectives

Module Title: Routing Between Networks

Module Objective: Create a fully connected LAN.
Topic Title Topic Objective
The Need for Explain the need for routing.
Routing
The Routing Table Explain how routers use tables.

Create a LAN Build a fully connected network.

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7.1 The Need for Routing

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The Need for Routing
Video - Dividing the Local Network

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The Need for Routing
Criteria for Dividing the Local Network
Broadcast Containment Security
Routers in the distribution layer can limit Routers in the distribution layer can separate
broadcasts to the local network where they and protect certain groups of computers
need to be heard. Although broadcasts are where confidential information resides.
necessary, too many hosts connected on the Routers can also hide the addresses of
same local network can generate excessive internal computers from the outside world to
broadcast traffic and slow down the help prevent attacks, and control who can
network. get into or out of the local network.

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The Need for Routing
Criteria for Dividing the Local Network (Cont.)
Locations Logical Grouping
Routers in the distribution layer Routers in the distribution layer can be
can be used to interconnect local used to logically group users, such as
networks at various locations of an departments within a company, who
organization that are have common needs or for access to
resources.
geographically separated.

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The Need for Routing
Now We Need Routing

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The Need for Routing
Lab - IPv4 Addresses and Network Communication

In this lab, you will complete the following objectives:

• Build a simple peer-to-peer network and verify physical connectivity.

• Assign various IP addresses to hosts and observe the effects on network communication.

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7.2 The Routing Table

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The Routing Table
Video - Router Packet Forwarding

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The Routing Table
Path Selection

• Each router interface connects to a

different network.
• A routing table contains information
for how to reach local and remote
networks.
• The destination IP address is used
and compared with the networks in the
routing table to determine the interface
to forward the packet out of.
• Routers do not forward broadcast
messages.

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The Routing Table
Video - Messages Within and Between Networks - Part 1

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The Routing Table
Video - Messages Within and Between Networks - Part 2

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The Routing Table
Packet Forwarding
• The destination MAC address is used to forward the packet to either the
router if the destination IP address is for a different network or a specific
network device on the local network.
• The ARP table shows a mapping of IP address to MAC address.

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The Routing Table
Video - Messages Sent to Remote Networks

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The Routing Table
Routing Table Entries
• A routing table contains network
addresses and the best path to reach a
network.
• Two ways routes can be added to a routing
table
• Dynamically learned from other
routers
• Manually entered by a network
administrator
Type Network Port
• A default route is the router interface
used when forwarding packets to a C [Link]/8 FastEthernet0/0
destination that is not in the routing C [Link]/16 FastEthernet0/0
table.
• If a packet is destined for a network that is
not in the routing table and no default
route exists, the packet will be dropped. © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
The Routing Table
The Default Gateway
• When a host sends a message to a device
on the same network, it forwards the
message directly and uses ARP to
discover the MAC address.
• When a host sends a message to a device
on a remote network, the hosts uses the
MAC address of the router as the
destination, but still has the IP address of PC IPv4 Address Subnet Mask Default
the remote host as the Layer 3 destination. Gateway
• It is very important that each host has the H1 [Link] [Link] [Link]
correct default gateway that is the IP H2 [Link] [Link] [Link]
address of the router on the same network. H3 [Link] [Link] [Link]

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7.3 Create a LAN

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Create a LAN
Local Area Networks
3 LANs

• LANs are under one

administrative control.
• LANs are usually either wired
Ethernet or wireless.

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Create a LAN
Local and Remote Network Segments
Advantages of a single local segment:
• Appropriate for simpler networks
• Less complexity and lower network cost All Hosts in One Local Segment
• Allows devices to be "seen" by other devices
• Faster data transfer - more direct
communication
• Ease of device access

Disadvantages of a single local segment:

• All hosts are in one broadcast domain which
causes more traffic on the segment and may
slow network performance
• Harder to implement QoS
• Harder to implement security

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Create a LAN
Local and Remote Network Segments (Cont.)
Advantages of having hosts on a remote segment
• More appropriate for larger, more complex Hosts on a Remote Segment
networks
• Splits up broadcast domains and decreases
traffic
• Can improve performance on each segment
• Makes the machines invisible to those on other
local network segments
• Can provide increased security
• Can improve network organization

Disadvantages of having hosts on a remote

segment
• Requires the use of routing (distribution layer)
• Router can slow traffic between segments
• More complexity and expense (requires a router)

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Create a LAN
Packet Tracer - Observe Data Flow in a LAN

In this activity, you will complete the following objectives:

• Develop an understanding of the basic functions of Packet Tracer.

• Create/model a simple Ethernet network using 3 hosts and a switch.
• Observe traffic behavior on the network.
• Observe data flow of ARP broadcasts and pings.

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Create a LAN
Lab - Connect to a Wireless Router
In this lab, you will complete the following objectives:

• Connect a PC to a wireless router using Ethernet cable.

• Configure the PC with an appropriate IP address.
• Verify the PC configuration using a command prompt.

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7.4 Routing Between Networks
Summary

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Routing Between Networks Summary
What Did I Learn in this Module?
• Routers are needed to connect multiple Layer 3 IP networks.
• Switches make their forwarding decision based on the destination Layer 2 MAC address.
• Routers make their forwarding decision based on the destination Layer 3 IP address.
• Each router has a routing table.
• A routing table contains all locally connected networks and the interfaces that connect to the networks.
• A routing can contain remote networks learned dynamically from other routers or entered manually by a
network administrator.
• A default route in the routing table is the router interface used when forwarding packets to a destination
that is not in the routing table.
• If a packet is destined for a network that is not in the routing table and no default route exists, the
packet will be dropped.
• A local area network (LAN) is under the same administrative control and typically is wired Ethernet or
wireless.
• A simple network design keeps all hosts on a single local network.
• If a network design has multiple local networks, a router is needed for communication between
networks.
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Routing Between Networks Summary
New Terms and Commands

• broadcast containment
• logical grouping
• routing table
• path selection
• default gateway
• default route
• local area network (LAN)
• local network
• remote network

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