Introduction to Java and
Software Life Cycle
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Objectives
• After you have read and studied this lecture, you should be able to
• introduce the java programming language characteristics
• explain the stages of the software lifecycle
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Develop and Run the Java Program
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JRE Vs. JDK
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Introduction to Java
• Object-Oriented Programming Language
• Platform Independence
MyProgram.java
• A platform is the hardware or software
API
environment in which a program runs. Java
Platform
Java Virtual Machine
• Microsoft Windows, Linux, Solaris OS, and Mac OS
Hardware-Based Platform
• The Java platform has two components:
• Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
• Java Application Programming Interface (API)
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History of Java
• Java was initially developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems.
• Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" ,the file extension was .gt.
• After that, it was called Oak.
• Sun released Oak as Java in 1995 after reworking it for the Web.
• The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2 was released on January, 1996.
• The latest release for the Java SE Platform is Java SE 15 in September 2020.
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Editions of Java
• J2SE (Java Platform, Standard Edition)
• mainly used to create Desktop applications.
• J2EE (Java Platform, Enterprise Edition)
• Distributed Enterprise applications
• create a special type of Server-side application known as a servlet
• Servlets can access enterprise databases and make that data available via the web.
• J2ME (Java Platform, Micro Edition)
• Embedded code for phones, set top boxes and other consumer devices
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Java Features
• Simple, Object-oriented and familiar
• Distributed
• Robust and Secure
• Architecture-neutral and Portable
• High Performance
• Multithreaded
• Dynamic
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Two kinds of Java Environment Programs
Scientific Application
Applications
Enterprise Applications Desktop GUI Application
• Unrestricted access to system
resources Web Applications Using Java Embedded System Application
• Interface can be graphical,
Standalone Applications Mobile Applications
textual or neither
Web Servers & Application Servers
Applets
• Restricted access to system resources
• Interface is embedded in some
graphical wrapper
• Browser
• Applet viewer
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Benefits of Java
• Get started quickly
• a powerful object-oriented language, it's easy to learn, especially for programmers already
familiar with C or C++
• Write less code
• a program written in the Java programming language can be four times smaller than the same
program written in C++
• Write better code
• encourages good coding practices, and automatic garbage collection helps you avoid memory leaks
• Develop programs more quickly
• Simpler than C++, and development time could be up to twice as fast when writing in it.
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Benefits of Java (cont’d)
• Avoid platform dependencies
• program is portable by avoiding the use of libraries written in other languages.
• Write once, run anywhere
• applications written in the Java programming language are compiled into machine
independent bytecodes, they run consistently on any Java platform
• Distribute software more easily
• With the java web start software, Java is easy to distribute.
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Difference Between C++ and Java
Parameter C++ Java
Platform C++ is platform dependent. Java is platform independent
Features C++ is not pure object-oriented features Java is an object- oriented features. It
supports automatic garbage collection.
Pointer C++ support pointers. Java offers only limited support for
pointers.
Performance C++ is faster than Java. Java is slower than C++.
Compiler and C++ only support compiler. Java supports both compiler and
Interpreter interpreter.
Concept Write once compile anywhere Write once run anywhere everywhere.
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Program Design
• Performance
• Maintainability
• Extensibility
• Availability
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Software Engineering
• The application of a systematic and disciplined approach to the development,
testing, and maintenance of a program.
• Software life cycle
• The sequence of stages from conception to operation of a program.
• Five stages are
• Analysis
• Design
• Coding
• Testing
• Operation and Maintenance
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Summary
• Java is object oriented programming language and platform independent.
• JVM and API are the main components of Java.
• The sequence of software development stages from conception to operation is called
the software life cycle.
• Five major phases of the software life cycle are analysis, design, coding, testing, and
operation.
• Software engineering is the application of a systematic and disciplined approach to the
development, testing, and maintenance of a program.
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Next Lecture
• Object Oriented Programming Concepts
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