Edentulismo Parziale

Protesi parziale
Definition
Una protesi dentale che restaura alcuni ma non tutti i
denti naturali ed è associata a parti supportate dai
denti naturali, dai monconi dentali, da altri dispositivi
fissi e/o mucosa.
fixed partial denture o removable partial denture

• Piccoli spazi edentuli

• Minore estetica
KENNEDY CLASS I
CLASS I - Bilateral Posterior Edentulous Areas

Si devono tenere in consideraxzione le estrazioni da fare

KENNEDY CLASS II
CLASS II - Unilateral Posterior Edentulous Area

Aree edentule che non verranno rimpiazzate non devono

essere considerate
CLASSIFICATION WITH MODIFICATION AREAS

CLASS II-P

CLASS II-A-2P
KENNEDY CLASS III
CLASS III - Unilateral or Bilateral Edentulous Area(s) bounded by Remaining Tooth/Teeth

UNILATERAL
KENNEDY CLASS III

BILATERAL
KENNEDY CLASS IV
KENNEDY-APPLEGATE CLASS V

Source: Jeff Shotwell, University of Michigan, 2008

COMPONENTi delle
PROTESI PARZIALI
RIMOVIBILI
 REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE
COMPONENTI
- Connector maggiori
- Connector Minori
- Retainer diretti
- Basi
- Denti
- Retainer Indiretti (Class I and II RPD’s)
 CONNETTORI PRINCIPALI
Uniscono I componenti di una emiarcata con quella
controlaterale
The Academy of Prosthodontics (1999). Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms (7th ed).
St. Louis: Mosby.

MANDIBULARI MASCELLARI

- Lingual Bar - Placca Completa (o modificata)

- Labial Bar Palatale- Anteroposterior Palatal
- Lingual Plate Strap
- Anterior Palatal Strap
CONNtCTORI MANDIBULARI

1. LINGUAL BAR - 6 gauge 2. LINGUAL PLATE – profondità

forma a mezza pera con 4 mm in inferiore a 7mm, o quando gli
altezza con il bordo superiore anteriori sono mobili
almeno a 3mm dal margine
gengivale
7mm

La parte più sottile è verso il Superior border is placed at

pavimento the junction of incisal and
middle thirds.

La cera viene usata per evitare che barra o placca contattino I tessuti
 MAXILLARY MAJOR CONNECTORS
COMPLETE PALATAL MODIFIED PALATAL
PLATE PLATE

Anterior border ends in valley of

Posterior border must not rugae not less than 6mm dal magine
impinge upon movable tissue gengivale
-application to all classifications, but mostly to Cl I and II.
- Provides maximum support as plate rests on tissue (as do all maxillary
major connectors.)
- Contraindicata quando sono presenti tori palatini
MAXILLARY MAJOR CONNECTORS

ANTEROPOSTERIOR PALATAL
STRAP
Used where torus precludes use
of palatal plate, provided a
minimum of 5mm exists between
the posterior aspect of the
torus and the vibrating line.
Minimum width of 4mm

(MID)PALATAL STRAP

Used mainly in Cl III

situations – width of
strap varies to suit
the clinical situation.
 MAXILLARY MAJOR CONNECTORS

1. These designs are

3.
not recommended –
the ones on the left
lack rigidity and
therefore do not
distribute stress
adequately.

The bars on the

2. right are too high 4.
(thick) for comfort.
The anterior palatal
strap in design 1. is
only used where a
torus extends to
within 5mm of the
vibrating line.
LABIAL BAR -
FORMA E USO SIMILE ALLA BARRA LINGUALE but
placed buccally (labially) due to severe lingual inclination dei
denti rimanenti

Labial Bar Labial Bar

 MINOR CONNECTOR

“CONNETTONO the major connector or base of a removable partial

denture and the other units of the prosthesis, such as the clasp assembly,
indirect retainers, occlusal rests, or cingulum rests.” The Academy of Prosthodontics
(1999). Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms (7th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Requirements:
- must be rigid to distribute stress between linked components
- must not impinge on underlying mucosa; tissue relief (30 ga.) needed
in the mandibular arch
- mucosal surface is highly polished to prevent plaque accumulation
MINOR CONNECTOR -
- minor connector and rest
junction must be at least 1.5
mm thick
- try to place interproximally
- joins major connector at a
right angle
- should be located at least 5
mm from other vertical
components
 DIRECT RETAINER
Definition: “That component of a removable partial
denture used to retain and prevent dislodgment,
consisting of a clasp assembly or precision
attachment.” The Academy of Prosthodontics (1999). Glossary of
Prosthodontic Terms (7th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Parts:
- Reciprocal Arm

-Occlusal Rest
- Retentive Arm
 An OCCLUSAL REST:
- Transfers stress to the abutment tooth
- Resists movement of the prosthesis in a cervical direction
-Stabilizes the retentive arm in the proper position

Avoid placing the rest in Glass Ionomer – and choose composite over
amalgam for Class II situations.

Less than 90
degree angle to
make rest seat
“positive”

Marginal ridge lowered Deepest portion of rest

Source: Jeff Shotwell,
University of Michigan,
to allow sufficient seat; deeper than
2008 thickness without reduced marginal ridge
creating an occlusal area
interference.
 OCCLUSAL RESTS - POSTERIORI
The image on the right shows a conventional
occlusal rest seat prepared in a gold inlay.

The images below show an elongated occlusal

rest (left) and continuous occlusal rest
(right). These are occasionally used to
distribute the load more evenly over a molar
tooth, or to stabilize a lone-standing tooth
(and prevent it from drifting).
OCCLUSAL REST:
ANTERIORI
Must be placed in a prepared recess or
be part of a material added to the lingual
aspect of an anterior tooth to make the
rest “positive”

WRONG RIGHT
OCCLUSAL REST: ANTERIOR - Maxillary
Cingulum Ball -
A small round bur type rest seat placed
in the mesial or distal lingual cingulum
area cervical to any opposing occlusal
contact.
When placing, care is taken not to
undercut the axial wall area to the path
of placement of the rpd.

Cingulum Ledge (SCANALATURA) -

Rest seat needs to be deep enough to

provide a positive stop for the rest. If
dentine is exposed and sensitive, place a
composite restoration.
Notice the positive seat created by rest
preparation.
OCCLUSAL REST: ANTERIOR - Mandibular
Raised Cingulum -
- A small, semilunar shaped addition to the lingual of the anterior tooth
that is part of a crown or formed from composite restorative material.
- It is the best rest type for a mandibular anterior tooth that is the
direct retainer abutment since it can easily be made positive and also
provides better bracing potential than any other anterior rest seat.

Rest as part of a Class I situation prior Composite added to

crown to rest seat addition in canine and incisor to
composite form rest seat
OCCLUSAL REST: ANTERIOR - Mandibular
TACCA INCISALE -
- Non estetica- applicazione delle forze distante dal livello dell’ osso
alveolare
- Used only when a raised cingulum or ledge type rest are not feasible.

Incisal notch in distal Lingual plate major

incisal corner of canines; connector has rest seat
teeth rotated too much coverage as part of it
to use a better type of
rest seat
RECIPROCAL ARM (Reciprocation)
Definition: “A component of the clasp assembly specifically
designed to provide reciprocation by engaging a reciprocal
guiding plane; it counteracts the action of the clasp during
removal and insertion of the removable partial denture.”
Reciprocation: “The mechanism by which lateral forces
generated by a retentive clasp passing over a height of
contour are counterbalanced by a reciprocal clasp passing
along a reciprocal guiding plane.”
Guiding Plane: “A vertical parallel surface on an abutment
tooth oriented so as to contribute to the direction of the
path of placement and removal of a removable partial
denture.”
All definitions from The Academy of Prosthodontics (1999). Glossary of
Prosthodontic Terms (7th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.
 RECIPROCAL ARM - Functions:
- Resists lateral movement of the prosthesis
- Resists potential orthodontic movement of the abutment
tooth generated by the retentive arm during placement and
removal of the rpd
Types: Horizontal

Horizontal arm on molar Horizontal arm is

Horizontal arm on a
- it is rigid, non-flexible, incorporated into
premolar
and placed in a non- the lingual plate
retentive area major connector
RECIPROCAL ARM - Types: R.P.I. System
- A clasp assembly system that achieves reciprocation using two of its
three components

- This system lacks bracing and lateral stress control that is found with a
horizontal reciprocal arm

Proximal plate and mesial RPD framework on

Proximal plate extends
minor connector combine cast showing the
onto the lingual surface
to provide reciprocation lingual components of
with mesial connector
contacting tooth at “c” the R.P.I. system
RETENTIVE ARM (CLASP)-
Defintion: 1. “A clasp specifically designed to provide retention by engaging
an undercut.” 2. “A flexible segment of a removable partial denture that
engages an undercut on an abutment and that is designed to retain the
prosthesis.” The Academy of Prosthodontics (1999). Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms
(7th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Function - provides resistance to vertical displacement of the rpd.

Types of clasps: (material) Types of Clasps:(approach to
undercut)
1. Cast 1. Suprabulge (occlusal approach)
- circumferential - cast
- bar (infrabulge) - wrought
2. Wrought 2. Infrabulge (gingival approach)
- circumferential - cast
RETENTIVE ARM (CLASP) -
Retentive Surface Material:
Acceptable: enamel, gold, porcelain, composite
Not acceptable: amalgam, glass ionomer
Types of Clasps: (material)

Remote
soldered
or laser
welded

Cast half-round Cast I-bar clasp Wrought wire (19 ga.)

circumferential clasp on a canine clasp soldered to
on a molar framework on a premolar
 DENTURE BASE
Definition: “The part of a denture (rpd) that rests on the
foundation tissue and to which teeth are attached.” The Academy
of Prosthodontics (1999). Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms (7th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

Attributes of a tooth-tissue supported (class I or II) rpd base:

- contacts edentulous ridge in a way that provides support
- acrylic base mandatory in mandibular arch; metal possible in maxillary
- Modified (loaded) anatomic form captured during impression procedure
-maximum area of coverage needed for stress distribution
Attributes of a tooth supported (class III or IV & modifications) rpd base
- only need contact with edentulous ridge
- metal or acrylic base is possible
- only need anatomic (unloaded) form of the ridge during impression procedure
- convenience coverage of the edentulous area only
DENTURE BASE - ACRYLIC
Usage:
- can be used in all rpd maxillary and mandibular classifications
- it can be relined if the edentulous ridge area changes
- attached to the rpd framework via meshwork

Meshwork wax-up on Acrylic base

mand. Rpd. It is Meshwork Cast meshwork for
attached to
relieved off the ridge after casting an anterior
meshwork -
by using 24 ga. wax for a class I modification space
note gray
during block-out of mand.case
shadowing
the cast prior to of
duplication and meshwork
waxing
DENTURE BASE - METAL
Usage:
- Can be used in mandibular class III or IV rpd’s, maxillary class I-IV
rpd’s as well as all modification areas
- Cannot be used in mandibular class I or II rpd’s since it can not be
relined
- The acrylic material associated with the base is attached using small
plastic beads at the time of base wax-up

Plastic beads Beads cast on Acrylic attached

modification base to metal base -
note acrylic flange
DENTURE BASE - FINISH LINES
Definition: “The planned junction of different materials.” The
Academy of Prosthodontics (1999). Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms (7th ed). St. Louis:
Mosby.

Types: Internal (Acrylic bases only)

- Associated with the junction between the metal of the rpd framework
and the acrylic base material
- Formed by the 24 ga. relief wax used to provide space for the denture
acrylic

24 ga. wax forming the 24 ga. wax forming the

internal finish line internal finish line for a
modification space
24 ga. wax ~ 3mm
distal to tooth
DENTURE BASE - FINISH LINES
Types: Internal (Acrylic bases only)

Internal finish line in cast framework -note definite edge for acrylic
material junction

Acrylic base-framework
junction on finished rpd - it
should be a smooth transition
between the two
DENTURE BASE - FINISH LINES
Types: External (Acrylic and Metal bases)
Note- External
and internal
finish lines
when present
are not placed
opposite each
other to
External finish on External finish line on maxillary prevent
mandibular framework framework
potential
fracturing of
the base

External finish line junction between acrylic and metal on a mandibular extension
base, a mandibular modification base, and a maxillary extension base - again there
is a smooth transition between the two. Source: Jeff Shotwell, University of Michigan, 2008
 REPLACED TEETH
Functions:
- Prevent migration of the remaining teeth
- Restore masticatory efficiency
- Retain proper interarch space
- Maintain esthetics of a normal facial contour
- Achieve distinct enunciation

Types of Material:
- Acrylic
- Porcelain
- Metal: gold and chrome
REPLACED TEETH - POSTERIOR
- Material:

Acrylic posterior Gold occlusal surfaces Occlusal chrome

denture teeth - added to acrylic surfaces on this
standard tooth used maxillary class III
denture teeth
on rpd’s and cd’s. RPD are an
opposite fixed partial
Much easier to set extension of the
denture gold occlusal
and adjust than framework. Acrylic
surfaces to even out facings are placed
porcelain. Clinical wear potential on the buccal for
wear helps dissipate
esthetics.
occlusal forces.
Note- Not used very
Source: Jeff Shotwell, University of Michigan, 2008
 REPLACED TEETH - ANTERIOR
Material:
Porcelain Acrylic
Porcelain denture teeth
are rarely used since
they are difficult to set.
Porcelain facings as
shown on left were used
for many years but not
now. The backing of the
facing is framework
metal with the facing
adjusted to fit the Acrylic denture
buccal mucosa so no teeth on classs IV
acrylic is associated RPD. The standard
with this area. The denture tooth type
facings can come off used for rpd’s and
Source: Jeff Shotwell, during ultrasonic cd’s at the U. Of M.
University of Michigan, 2008 cleaning so beware.
 INDIRECT RETAINER
(Class I and II RPD’s only)
Definition: “The component of a removable
partial denture that assists the direct
retainer(s) in preventing displacement of the
distal extension denture base by functioning
through lever action on the side opposite of the
fulcrum line when the denture base moves away
from the tissues in pure rotation around the
fulcrum line.” The Academy of Prosthodontics (1999).
Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms (7th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.
 FULCRUM LINES
• Page 96 of your text (you need to know this material – all three columns,
especially fulcrum and retentive fulcrum axes.)

• Definition: FULCRUM LINE AXIS (sometimes referred to just as

FULCRUM LINE) An imaginary line, connecting the most distal occlusal
rests, around which a removable partial denture tends to rotate
TOWARDS the tissue under masticatory forces.
• Definition: RETENTIVE FULCRUM LINE AXIS – Movement of the base
AWAY from the ridge around an imaginary line connecting the retentive
clasp tips. (This is the axis relevant to indirect retention.)
INDIRECT RETAINER -
Effectiveness and Placement:
- Usually it is a rest seat placed anterior the the fulcrum line on the side
opposite the extension base. Theoretically, the further anterior the
rest seat is placed the more effective it is. The rest seat is usually
located on a canine or first premolar mesial fossae.

Note the placement of a rest seat in the

mesial fossae of the first premolar that
prevents tissue-ward movement of the
major connector. It is attached to the
This image removed major connector by a minor connector.
for copyright The RPD base as shown by arrows can
reasons rotate away from the ridge around the
fulcrum pt. “F” if foods stick to the base
during function. This would cause the
major connector to rotate into the
underlying mucosa and produce soreness.
INDIRECT RETAINER - Class I RPD Usage:
Indirect
retainers
Primary fulcrum
line through most
distal rest seats
Practically, only one
indirect retainer is
needed for a class I
rpd as shown on the
right two pictures.
Usually, the site
furthest from the
fulcrum line is
Ideally , a class I rpd has chosen.
two indirect retainers as
shown above; one for each
extension base
Source: Jeff Shotwell, University of Michigan, 2008
INDIRECT RETAINER -
Class II RPD Usage:

Indirect retainer Indirect retainer rest Indirect retainer rest on

rest seat; only one seat tooth #28; only a secondary
and on the side rest seat on the mesial of
opposite the tooth #21 to support the
extension base lingual plate major connector
Primary fulcrum
line through most
distal rest seats
Source: Jeff Shotwell, University of Michigan, 2008
Basi metalliche
Spazi riempiti con metallo
Ritenzioni
Vantaggi • Accuratezza e stabilità
dimensionale

• Conducibilità
termica – Minima distorsione (casting
imbibtion)
– Cibi caldi – Minima necessità per un
– Percezione sigillo palatale posteriore
termica – Minima abrasione
incrementata
Vantaggi

• Igiene

– Metallo meno poroso della resina

– Minore accumulo di cibo, placca e tartaro
Vantaggi

• Weight and Bulk

– Le basi metalliche possono essere fuse con

spessori più sottili rispetto alle basi resinose
mantenendo una adeguata resistenza
metallica
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1. Cr-alloys used in dentistry since 1930s -- widely used since 1970s
2. Corrosion resistance; high strength and E; low density; low $$$
3. Compositions similar to ones for C&B, MF, and orthopedic implants

RPD ALLOYS CLASSIFICATION

1. Classification by RPD components:
a. Frameworks (major and minor connectors)
b. Clasps; Wrought retention wires
c. Rests
d. Solders
2. Framework casting alloys:
a. (Gold Alloys, Type IV)
b. Co-Cr Vitallium (60Co-31.5Cr-6Mo); Nobillium
c. Co-Cr-Ni
d. Ni-Cr (and Ni-Cr-Be) Ticoncium (74Ni-15Cr); Howmedica II
e. (Fe-Cr) Dentillium P-D
g. (Ti-6Al-4V) (cp-Ti)
h. (Ni-Ti)
 RPD ALLOY PROPERTIES

1. Physical Properties:
a. Typical fusion temperatures = 1400 to 1454 C
b. Color = lustrous silvery white
c. Density (lighter weight than gold counterparts) = typically 8-9 gm/cm3
d. Linear casting shrinkage = 2.05 to 2.33% (vs 1.4 to 1.7% for gold alloys)
e. Thermal conductivity = high

2. Chemical Properties:
a. Electrochemical corrosion = good passivation by Cr2O3 if Ni-Cr-Co >85%
b. Passive film attacked vigorously by chlorine -- do not use household bleach
Image source: Steve Bayne, University of Michigan, 2008
 RPD ALLOY PROPERTIES
3. Mechanical Properties:
a. E = 200-240 GPa (about 2X that of comparable cast dental gold)
b. Hardness (typically 30% harder than Type IV golds) = R30N (or VHN) = 370;
YS = 414-621 MPa,
c. UTS = 621-828 MPa
d. % Elongation (Cr alloys are quite brittle) = 1-2%
e. Co-Cr alloys not affected by HT; Ni-Cr alloys can be affected by high temp HT

Moduli

x Co-Cr
x Ni-Cr
STRESS

x Au Alloy
Rigidity:
(1) geometry of component
(2) thickness
(3) modulus

STRAIN
Image and graph source: Steve Bayne, University of Michigan, 2008
 RPD ALLOY PROPERTIES
3. Mechanical Properties: (continued)
……
f. Fatigue much more important for clasps than connectors

Moduli

x Co-Cr
x Ni-Cr
STRESS Fatigue
STRESS

x Au Alloy Resistance

STRAIN Log CYCLES

Clasp
Strain

Graph source: Steve Bayne, University of Michigan, 2008

 RPD ALLOY PROPERTIES
4. Laboratory Manipulation:
b. Spruing (entrapped gases may produce voids) = careful venting
e. Sprue removal and finishing/polishing = special lab equipment due to high H
f. Soldering = use care in fluxing, soldering, and
heat control (electric soldering)
g. Solders = usually >800 fine Ag-solders (good corrosion resistance)
f. Sterilization = dilute bleach solutions

5. Clinical properties:
a. Adjustments (casts, etc.) = difficult due to high hardness and E
b. Ni sensitivity = sometimes but probably due to misfit or improper design
c. Wear = low (but may contribute to excessive wear of teeth or restorations)
d. Hygiene = clean with soap and water or very dilute solutions
avoiding chlorine (Use stiff bristle brush; Avoid abrasive dentifrices)
 COMPARISON OF ALLOY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Alloy Type Yield Tensile Percent (%) Hardness Modulus
Strength Strength Elongation (VHN) (GPa)
(MPa) (MPa)
ADA Spec #14, Min 500 ----- 1.5 ----- 172
Type IV Gold Alloy 493 776 7. 264 90
Fe-Cr 703 841 9. 309 202
Co-Cr-Ni 470 685 8. 264 198
Co-Cr 710 870 1.6 432 224
Ni-Cr 690 800 3.8 300 182
Ti-6Al-4V ----- 930 5. 320 117
Others (cp-Ti, Ni-Ti)
 BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS
Clinical Lifetime of RPDs (5-8 years)

RPD must resist 4 degrees of freedom = x, y, z, rotation

General categories of failure:

(1) Biologic = bone resorption; tooth mobility; tissue irritation
(2) Physiologic = PDL overload; toth wear
(3) Materials = materials defects; lab problems; adjustments

3
2
4

Image source: Steve Bayne, University of Michigan, 2008

Estensione delle flange

• Le protesi dentarie parziali di sostegno del

dente possono essere estese al massimo
per l’appoggio e la conservazione
• Nessuna overextension o urto sui tessuti mobili
di confine
Estensione delle flange

• Class I & II RPD’s

– Estensione posteriore come una protesi totale

– Tacche pterigomascellari, cuscinetti
retromolari
Estensione delle flange

• Soft Tissue Undercuts

X
X

Deep
Deep Undercut
Undercut Do
Do Not
Not Relieve
Relieve Shorten
Shorten Flange
Flange
Excessively
Excessively
Acrylic Resin Finish Lines

• Internal & external finish lines should not

coincide

edentulous ridge
major connector
Acrylic denture
base

staggered finish lines

gridwork

slight undercut
Denti di Sostituzione

• Resine Acriliche

– Minore attrito
– Più semplici da posizionare,
modificare e riparare
Denti di Sostituzione

• Forma dei denti

– Si armonizzano con I denti

adiacenti
– Tonalità, forma, lunghezza,
spessore e forma occlusale
– L’occlusione quasi sempre
richiede un riarrangiamento
Protocollo Clinico per PPR
Diagnosi e Piano di
Trattamento
• Riunire l’informazione
diagnostica
• Prendere l’impronta preliminare
• Colare il modello diagnostico in
gesso extraduro tipo IV
Montaggio

• Valutare
– Denti estrusi
– attrito
– Spazio interarcata ridotto
– Morso profondo
• Usare articolatore
semiaggiustabile
Formulare Piano di
Trattamento
• Progettazione
• Valutare I vettori di forze
– Selezionare I pilastri
– Congiuntori principali
– Posizione dei ganci, bracci
ritentivi e appoggi
 Realizzazione della protesi

• Eliminazione dei sottosquadri

– Gengiva marginale
• Preparare spazio per la resina
 Presa dell’Impronta

Portaimpronte individuale
– Bordaggio con Materiale
termoplastico
Impronta definitiva

• Polyvinyl siloxanes
– Stabilità dimensionale
– Buona resistenza allo
strappo
- Nessun gusto
- Contaminazione del
guanto
- Relativamente idrofobo -
Prima dell’impronta finale

• Assenza di placca o tartaro

•Tessuti molli sani
•Terapia iniziale completa
Prima dell’Impronta Finale
• Impronta in alginato per
analizzare:
– Piani di guida
– appoggi
– Aree ritentive
– Altezza del contorno
 Impronta della struttura

• Materiale a media viscosità

nel portaimpronte
– Più riempitivo
• Minore contrazione
– Minore dislocazione dei
tessuti molli rispetto ad un
materiale ad alta viscosità
 Impronta della struttura
• Siringa con materiale a bassa
viscosità
– Attorno ai denti pilastro
– Sulle superfici occlusali
• Precisione nelle zone di appoggio
• Non riempire troppo il
portaimpronte per evitare
sovraestensioni
 Valutazione dell’impronta
• Assenza di vuoti significativi
– Ogni area di contatto con I
denti (ganci, connettori minori)
– Ogni area di contatto dei
connettori minori con I tessuti
molli
• Periferie ben definite
•Registra esattamente i tessuti
di sostegno
•Tiene conto tutti gli elementi
di progettazione
 Valutazione dell’impronta
• - Confini del modello non
coperti
- no spostamenti dei tessuti
- Cambiamento nel contorno
causato dal bordaggio
• Niente strappi significativi
- Non separata dal
portaimpronte
• Registrazione delle zone
critiche anatomiche
– Profondità vestibolare
– Zone retromolari
– Frenuli
– Pavimento buccale
Impronta della struttura

• Boxaggio & colata del

gesso nell’impronta
• Disegno del progetto
• Invio in laboratorio
• Gesso Tipo IV
• Miscelazione sottovuoto
• Fissaggio di 1 ora
Modello master
• assenza di bolle o difetti
significativi
• Denti non fratturati durante
la colata
• Comprende tutte le superfici
anatomiche delle impronte
finali
• Comprende 3-4 millimetri.
area limitrofa