MSTP Implementation and Configuration

Page 1 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Foreword
• The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), an enhancement to the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), allows
for fast network topology convergence. When RSTP/STP runs on a VLAN-based network, all VLANs on
a local area network (LAN) use the same spanning tree. The blocked link does not carry any traffic, and
traffic cannot be load balanced among VLANs. As a result, the link bandwidth usage and device resource
usage are low.

• To offset disadvantages of RSTP/STP, IEEE introduced the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) in
2002, which is standardized as IEEE 802.1s. MSTP is compatible with STP and RSTP. Multiple loop-free
trees are set up to prevent broadcast storms and implement redundancy.

• This document describes the improvements of MSTP compared with RSTP/STP, basic concepts and
working mechanism of MSTP, and MSTP configurations.

Page 2 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
▫ Describe weaknesses of RSTP/STP.

▫ Describe MSTP improvements compared with RSTP/STP.

▫ Describe concepts of MSTP.

▫ Describe the working mechanism of MSTP.

▫ Complete basic MSTP configurations.

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 Contents
1. Introduction to MSTP
2. Basic Concepts of MSTP
3. Working Mechanism of MSTP
4. MSTP Configurations

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 Disadvantages of RSTP/STP (1)
Gateway of Gateway of Disadvantage 1: Traffic Cannot Be Load Balanced
VLAN 2 VLAN 3

SW1 • Background:
D R SW2
(root bridge) D D ▫ SW3 is an access switch connected to a terminal network segment. SW3 is
connected to SW1 and SW2 through two links, and all the links allow packets
VLAN 2 VLAN 2 from VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 to pass through.

VLAN 3 VLAN 3 ▫ SW1 is configured as the gateway of terminals in VLAN 2 and SW2 as the

SW3 gateway of terminals in VLAN 3. Terminals in VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 are

The link is blocked,
R required to use different links to connect to the corresponding gateways.
and traffic cannot be
load balanced.
• Issue:
VLAN 2 VLAN 3 ▫ If there is only one spanning tree on the network and we assume that the port
connecting SW3 to SW2 is a blocked port, data of VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 can
be transmitted to aggregation switch through only one link. This means that
LAN A LAN B
traffic cannot be load balanced.

R Root port D Designated port Blocked port

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 Disadvantages of RSTP/STP (2)
Gateway of Gateway of Disadvantage 2: Layer 2 Sub-optimal Path
VLAN 2 VLAN 3

• Background:
SW1
D R SW2 ▫ SW3 is an access switch connected to a terminal network segment. SW1 and
(root bridge) D D
SW2 are aggregation switches. SW1 is configured as the gateway of terminals
in VLAN 2 and SW2 as the gateway of terminals in VLAN 3. All links are
VLAN 2 The path for terminals
in VLAN 3 to access configured to allow packets from VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 to pass through.
VLAN 3 the gateway is the sub- ▫ After a single spanning tree is run, the loop is broken, and data of VLAN 2
SW3 optimal path.
and VLAN 3 is directly sent to SW1.
R
• Issue:

VLAN 2 VLAN 3 ▫ The link between SW3 and SW2 is blocked, so the path from SW3 to the
gateway is the sub-optimal path. The optimal path should be the path from
SW3 to SW2.
LAN A LAN B

R Root port D Designated port Blocked port

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 Overview of MSTP
• MSTP, which is standardized as IEEE 802.1s, is compatible with STP and RSTP. It can implement fast convergence and provide
multiple redundant paths for forwarding data, effectively load balancing traffic for VLANs.

• MSTP maps one or more VLANs to a Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI), and then calculates the spanning tree based on the
MSTI. The VLANs mapped to the same MSTI share the same spanning tree.

Root bridge Root bridge

SW1 D R SW2 SW1 R D SW2

D D D D
Data traffic Data traffic

SW3 SW3
R R

R Root port
MSTI 1: VLANs MSTI 2: VLANs 11, D Designated port
1, 2, 3 , ..., 10 12, 13 , ..., 20 Blocked port

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 Contents
1. Introduction to MSTP
2. Basic Concepts of MSTP
3. Working Mechanism of MSTP
4. MSTP Configurations

Page 8 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

MST Region
MST region 1 MST region 2 • MSTP network hierarchy:
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 ▫ MSTP divides a switching network into multiple Multiple
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
Spanning Tree (MST) regions, each of which has multiple
spanning trees that are independent of each other.

• MST region:
▫ An MST region contains multiple switches and their network
MSTP segments.
Network
▫ A LAN can comprise several MST regions that are directly or
indirectly connected. You can add multiple switching devices to an
MST region using MSTP configuration commands.

▫ An MSTP network contains one or more MST regions, and each

MST region contains one or more MSTIs.
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3

MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

MSTI
• MSTI:
▫ An MST region can contain multiple spanning trees, each of
SW1 SW4
which is called an MSTI.

▫ MSTIs are identified by IDs. The value ranges from 0 to 4094

SW2 SW3 on Huawei devices.
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2 • VLAN mapping table
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
MST region 4 A D A D ▫ Each MST region has a VLAN mapping table. The VLAN
mapping table maps VLANs to MSTIs.
B C B C
▫ As shown in the figure, the VLAN mapping of MST region 4 is
MSTI 1 MSTI 2
as follows:
A D ▪ VLAN 1 is mapped to MSTI 1.

Root bridge ▪ VLAN 2 is mapped to MSTI 2.

B C
MSTI 3 ▪ Other VLANs are mapped to MSTI 3.

Page 10 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

CST
MST region 1 MST region 2 Common Spanning Tree (CST)
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 ▫ A CST connects all MST regions on a switching network.
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
▫ The CST is calculated using a spanning tree protocol, with each
MST region being considered as a single node.

▫ In the figure, the regions that are connected through dark blue thick
lines form a CST.

MSTP
Network

1 2

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3 3 4
CST
MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

IST
MST region 1 MST region 2 Internal Spanning Tree (IST)
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 ▫ An IST resides within an MST region.
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
▫ An IST is a special MSTI with an MSTI ID of 0.

▫ In the figure, the switches that are connected through black thin
lines in MST region 4 form an IST.

MSTP
Network

1 2

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 IST

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3 3 4

MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

CIST
MST region 1 MST region 2 Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST)
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 ▫ A CIST connects all the switches on a switching network and is
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
calculated using a spanning tree protocol.

▫ As shown in the figure, all ISTs and the CST form a CIST.

MSTP
Network

1 2

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3 3 4
CIST
MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

SST
MST region 1 MST region 2 Single Spanning Tree (SST)
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 ▫ A switch running a spanning tree protocol belongs to only one
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
spanning tree.

▫ An MST region has only one switch.

▫ As shown in the figure, a switch in MST region 3 forms an SST.

MSTP
Network

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3

MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

CIST Root, Regional Root, and Master Bridge

MST region 1 MST region 2 • CIST root
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 ▫
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 The CIST root is the root bridge of the CIST, for example, SW1 in the figure.
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
• Regional root
SW1 ▫ Regional roots are classified into IST and MSTI regional roots.

▫ The switches that are closest to the CIST root are IST regional roots, for
SW4 example, SW2, SW3, and SW4 in the figure.

▫ An MSTI regional root is the root of the MSTI.

MSTP
Network • Master bridge
▫ The master bridge is the switch closest to the CIST root in a region, for
SW2 SW3 example, SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4 in the figure.

▫ If the CIST root is in an MST region, the CIST root is the master bridge of the
region.

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1

VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3

MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTP Network
MSTP Ports MST BPDUs
Hierarchy

Summary
Role Description

A switching network is divided into multiple regions. An MST region can contain one or more switches. The switches in
MST region
the same MST region must be configured with the same region name, revision level, and VLAN mapping table.

MSTI Instance-based spanning tree

VLAN mapping table VLAN-MSTI mappings
CST A spanning tree that connects all MST regions
IST Internal spanning tree with the MSTI ID of 0 in an MST region
CIST It connects all switching devices on a switching network.

SST There is only one switching device in the MST region, and the switching device belongs to only one spanning tree.

CIST root Root bridge of the CIST

IST regional root Switch that is closest to the CIST root in an MST region
MSTI regional root Root bridge in the MSTI
Master bridge Switching device nearest to the CIST root, including the CIST root and IST regional root

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 MSTP Network Hierarchy MSTP Ports MST BPDUs

MSTP Port Roles (1)

MSTP defines the following port roles:
▫ Root port, designated port, alternate port, backup port, master port, regional edge port, and edge port.

SW1 (master bridge) MST region 1 Port Role Description

D D Root port A root port sends data to a root bridge and is the port closest to the root bridge.

Designated port The designated port on a switch forwards BPDUs to a downstream switch.

R R Alternate ports provide an alternate path to the root bridge. This path is different
SW2 SW3 from the path through the root port.
Alternate port
D B A An alternate port is blocked from sending BPDUs after a BPDU sent by another
bridge is received.

Backup ports provide a backup path to a segment already connected by a designated

port.
Backup port
Backup ports are blocked from sending BPDUs after a BPDU sent by itself is
received.

R Root port D Designated port A Alternate port B Backup port

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 MSTP Network Hierarchy MSTP Ports MST BPDUs

MSTP Port Roles (2)

MSTP defines the following port roles:
▫ Root port, designated port, alternate port, backup port, master port, regional edge port, and edge port.

SW1 MST region 1 Port Role Description

A master port is on the shortest path connecting MST regions to the
CIST root.
SW2 ▫ BPDUs of an MST region are sent to the CIST root through the
(master Master port
master port.
bridge) SW3 ▫ Master ports are special regional edge ports, functioning as root ports
on ISTs or CISTs and master ports in instances.
M RE Regional edge A regional edge port is located at the edge of an MST region and
port connects to another MST region or an SST.
SW4
SW5
(CIST
root) MST region 2 MST region 3

M Master port RE Regional Edge port

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 MSTP Network Hierarchy MSTP Ports MST BPDUs

MSTP Port Roles (3)

MSTP defines the following port roles:
▫ Root port, designated port, alternate port, backup port, master port, regional edge port, and edge port.

SW1 (master bridge) MST region 1 Port Role Description

An edge port is located at the edge of an MST region and does not
Edge port connect to any switching device.
Generally, edge ports are directly connected to terminals.

SW2 SW3
E

PC

E Edge port

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 MSTP Network Hierarchy MSTP Ports MST BPDUs

MSTP Port States

MSTP port states are the same as those used in RSTP.
▫ Forwarding: A port in this state can send and receive BPDUs. It can also forward user traffic and learns MAC addresses.

▫ Learning: A port in this state can send and receive BPDUs. It learns MAC addresses but cannot forward user traffic.

▫ Discarding: A port in this state only receives BPDUs. It does not forward user traffic or learn MAC addresses.

MSTP Port State Port Role

Forwarding Root port, designated port, master port, and regional edge port
Learning Root port, designated port, master port, and regional edge port
Discarding Root port, designated port, master port, regional edge port, alternate port, and backup port

Page 20 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 MSTP Network Hierarchy MSTP Ports MST BPDUs

MST BPDUs
• MSTP calculates spanning trees based on Multiple • Format of an MST BPDU
Spanning Tree Bridge Protocol Data Units (MST Protocol ID
Protocol Version ID 3
BPDUs).
BPDU Type 0x02
CIST Flags
• Switches on an MSTP network transmit MST BPDUs to CIST Root ID
calculate spanning tree topologies, maintain network CIST External Path Cost First 36 bytes
CIST Regional Root ID Same as those of
topologies, and communicate topology changes. CIST Port ID RST BPDUs
Message Age
Max Age
Hello Time
Version Type Name Forward Delay
0 0x00 Configuration BPDU Version 1 Length=0
Version 3 Length
0 0x80 TCN BPDU MST Configuration ID Starting from
2 0x02 RST BPDU CIST Internal Root Path Cost 37th byte
CIST Bridge ID MSTP-specific
3 0x02 MST BPDU CIST Remaining Hops fields
MSTI Configuration Messages

Page 21 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1. Introduction to MSTP
2. Basic Concepts of MSTP
3. Working Mechanism of MSTP
4. MSTP Configurations

Page 23 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 MSTP Topology Calculation
• MSTP topology calculation:
▫ MSTP can divide the entire Layer 2 network into multiple MST regions. The CST is calculated between regions, and the IST is
generated in each region. The CST and ISTs constitute the CIST of the entire switching device network.

▫ Multiple spanning trees can be generated based on MSTIs in a region. Each spanning tree is called an MSTI.

• Both the CIST and MSTIs are calculated based on vectors, carried in MST BPDUs. Devices exchange MST BPDUs
to calculate the CIST and MSTIs.
▫ Vectors used in CIST calculation:
▪ {Root ID, external root path cost, regional root ID, internal root path cost, designated switch ID, designated port ID, receiving port ID }

▫ Vectors used in MSTI calculation:

▪ {Regional root ID, internal root path cost, designated switch ID, designated port ID, receiving port ID}

▫ The preceding vectors are listed in descending order of priority from left to right.

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 CIST Calculation
• After comparing the vectors, the switch with the highest MST region 1 MST region 2
priority on the entire network is selected as the CIST root.

• MSTP calculates an IST for each MST region, treats each MST
region as a single device, and calculates a CST to interconnect
MST regions. The CST and ISTs form a CIST for the entire
network.
MSTP
Network

1 2

3 4
CIST MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTI Calculation
• In an MST region, MSTP independently calculates an MSTI MST region 1 MST region 2
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
for each VLAN based on mappings between VLANs and VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
MSTIs.

• The calculation process is similar to that used by STP to

calculate a spanning tree.

1 4 1 4 MSTP
Network
2 3 2 3
MSTI 1 MSTI 2

1 4
Root
2 3 bridge VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
MSTI 3 Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
MST region 4 MST region 3 MST region 4

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 MSTP Network Data Forwarding
On an MSTP network, a VLAN packet is forwarded as MST region 1 MST region 2
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
follows: VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
▫ Along MSTI in an MST region

▫ Along CST among MST regions

1 2
1 4 1 MSTP
Network
2 3 2 3
MSTI 2 MSTI 2
PC1

4
1 4 VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 1 -> MSTI 1 VLAN 2 -> MSTI 2
Root bridge in VLAN 2
Other VLANs -> MSTI 3
2 3
Data access for VLAN 2 MST region 3 MST region 4
MSTI 2
PC2
Page 28 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Contents
1. Introduction to MSTP
2. Basic Concepts of MSTP
3. Working Mechanism of MSTP
4. MSTP Configurations

Page 29 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 MSTP Configuration Commands
1. Configure a working mode of a switching device.

[Huawei] stp mode mstp

A switching device supports three working modes: STP, RSTP, and MSTP. By default, the device works in MSTP mode.

2. Enable MSTP.

[Huawei] stp enable

Enable STP/RSTP/MSTP on a switching device or an interface. By default, STP, RSTP, or MSTP is enabled globally and on an
interface.
Therefore, to ensure rapid and stable spanning tree calculation, before enabling STP, RSTP, or MSTP, perform basic
configurations on the switching device and its interfaces.

Page 30 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Configuring and Activating an MST Region (1)
1. Enter the MST region view.

[Huawei] stp region-configuration

[Huawei-mst-region]

2. Configure the name of the MST region.

[Huawei-mst-region] region-name name

By default, the MST region name is the bridge MAC address of a switching device.

3. Configure the mapping between VLANs and MSTIs.

[Huawei-mst-region] instance instance-id vlan { vlan-id1 [ to vlan-id2 ] }

Map a VLAN to an MSTI. By default, all VLANs are mapped to the CIST, namely, MSTI 0.

Page 31 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Configuring and Activating an MST Region (2)
4. (Optional) Configure the revision level of the MST region.

[Huawei-mst-region] revision-level level

Configure the revision level of the MST region for a switching device. By default, the revision level of an MST region is 0.

5. Activate the configuration of the MST region.

[Huawei-mst-region] active region-configuration

Make the region name, VLAN mapping table, and MSTP revision level take effect.

Page 32 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Optional MSTP Configuration Commands (1)
1. Configure the root bridge and secondary root bridge.

[Huawei] stp [ instance instance-id ] root { primary | secondary }

Configure the switch as the root bridge or secondary root bridge in a spanning tree.

2. Set the priority of a switching device in a specified MSTI.

[Huawei] stp [ instance instance-id ] priority priority

Set the priority of the switching device in a spanning tree. By default, the priority of a switching device in a spanning tree is
32768.
3. Set the path cost of an interface in the specified MSTI.

[Huawei] stp pathcost-standard { dot1d-1998 | dot1t | legacy }

Configure the path cost calculation method. By default, IEEE 802.1t is used to calculate the path cost.

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] stp [ instance instance-id ] cost cost

Set the path cost of a port in a spanning tree. By default, the path cost of a port in a spanning tree is the path cost corresponding
to the port rate.
Page 33 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Optional MSTP Configuration Commands (2)
4. Set a priority for a port in an MSTI.

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] stp [ instance instance-id ] port priority priority

Sets the priority of a port in a spanning tree. By default, the priority of a port on a switching device is 128.

Page 34 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Case: Single-Region Multi-Instance Configuration
(1)
• Scenario:
MST region 1 ▫ To implement redundancy on a complex network, network designers tend to
deploy multiple physical links between two devices, one of which is the
GE0/0/1
primary link and the others are the backup. Loops may occur in this situation.
SW1 GE0/0/1 SW2
To this end, MSTP can be deployed on the network to prevent loops.
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
▫ MSTP blocks redundant links on a Layer 2 network and trims the network into
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
a loop-free tree. In addition, MSTP can be deployed to implement load
balancing among VLANs.
GE0/0/1
SW3 SW4 • Requirements:
GE0/0/1
E0/0/1 E0/0/1 ▫ Configure MSTP on SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4.

▫ To load balance traffic from VLANs 2 and 3, configure MSTP multi-instance.

▫ Configure a VLAN mapping table to associate VLANs with MSTIs.

PC1 PC2
▫ Configure the port connected to the PC as the edge port because the port does
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24
not need to participate in MSTP calculation.

VLAN 2 -> MSTI 1

VLAN 3 -> MSTI 2

Page 35 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Case: Single-Region Multi-Instance Configuration
(2)
1. Configure interface-based VLAN assignment to implement
MST region 1 Layer 2 communication.

GE0/0/1
SW1 configuration:
SW1 GE0/0/1 SW2
[SW1] vlan batch 2 to 3
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
GE0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
SW3 GE0/0/1 SW4
[SW1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
E0/0/1 E0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
PC1 PC2 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit

192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24

VLAN 2 -> MSTI 1 Note: The configuration of SW2 is similar to

VLAN 3 -> MSTI 2 that of SW1, and is not provided here.

Page 36 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Case: Single-Region Multi-Instance Configuration
(3)
SW3 configuration:
MST region 1
[SW3] vlan batch 2 to 3
GE0/0/1 [SW3] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
SW1 GE0/0/1 SW2
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit
[SW3] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
GE0/0/1
SW3 SW4 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk
GE0/0/1
E0/0/1 E0/0/1 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
[SW3] interface Ethernet 0/0/1
PC1 PC2 [SW3-Ethernet0/0/1] port link-type access
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24 [SW3-Ethernet0/0/1] port default vlan 2
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1] quit
VLAN 2 -> MSTI 1 Note: The configuration of SW4 is similar to the
VLAN 3 -> MSTI 2 configuration of SW3, and is not provided here.

Page 37 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Case: Single-Region Multi-Instance Configuration
(4)
2. Configure basic MSTP functions.
MST region 1
Configure an MST region and mapping between VLANs and
GE0/0/1 MSTIs on SW1.
SW1 GE0/0/1 SW2
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW1] stp region-configuration
[SW1-mst-region] region-name 1
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW1-mst-region] instance 1 vlan 2
GE0/0/1 [SW1-mst-region] instance 2 vlan 3
SW3 GE0/0/1 SW4 [SW1-mst-region] active region-configuration
E0/0/1 E0/0/1
[SW1-mst-region] quit

PC1 PC2
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24

VLAN 2 -> MSTI 1

Note: The configurations of SW2, SW3, and SW4 are similar to the
VLAN 3 -> MSTI 2
configuration of SW1, and are not provided here.

Page 38 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Case: Single-Region Multi-Instance Configuration
(5)
3. Configure the root bridge and secondary root bridge for
MST region 1 MSTI 1 and MSTI 2.

GE0/0/1
Configure SW1 as the root bridge and SW2 as the secondary
SW1 GE0/0/1 SW2 root bridge in MSTI 1.
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW1] stp instance 1 root primary
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW2] stp instance 1 root secondary

GE0/0/1
Configure SW2 as the root bridge and SW1 as the secondary
SW3 GE0/0/1 SW4
root bridge in MSTI 2.
E0/0/1 E0/0/1
[SW1] stp instance 2 root secondary
[SW2] stp instance 2 root primary
PC1 PC2
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24

VLAN 2 -> MSTI 1

Note: The configurations of SW2, SW3, and SW4 are similar to the
VLAN 3 -> MSTI 2
configuration of SW1, and are not provided here.

Page 39 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Case: Single-Region Multi-Instance Configuration
(6)
4. Enable MSTP and configure the port connected to the PC as
MST region 1 the edge port.
Configure Ethernet0/0/1 on SW3 as an edge port.
GE0/0/1
SW1 GE0/0/1 SW2
[SW3] interface Ethernet 0/0/1
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1] stp edged-port enable
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1] quit

GE0/0/1
SW3 GE0/0/1 SW4
E0/0/1 E0/0/1

PC1 PC2
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24

VLAN 2 -> MSTI 1 Note: The edge port configuration of SW4 is similar to
VLAN 3 -> MSTI 2 that of SW3, and is not provided here.

Page 40 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Verifying the Configuration (1)
[SW1] display stp brief [SW2] display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE

[SW3] display stp brief [SW4] display stp brief

MSTID Port Role STP State Protection MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 Ethernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Ethernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE
1 Ethernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 2 Ethernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE

Page 41 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Verifying the Configuration (2)

Root bridge GE0/0/1 GE0/0/1 Root bridge

SW1 D R SW2 SW1 R D SW2
GE0/0/1 GE0/0/1
D D D D
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2

GE0/0/2
R R R R
GE0/0/1 GE0/0/1
D A A D
SW3 GE0/0/1 SW4 SW3 GE0/0/1 SW4
D D
E0/0/1 E0/0/1 E0/0/1 E0/0/1

PC1 PC2 PC1 PC2

192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24

R Root port
D Designated port VLAN 2 -> MSTI 1
VLAN 3 -> MSTI 2
A Alternate port

Page 42 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Quiz
1. (Single) The following figure shows port roles of a switch running MSTP. What is the state of
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 in MSTI 1? ( )
[Switch] display stp brief
MSTID Port Role
A. Blocking
0 Ethernet0/0/1 DESI
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ROOT
B. Discarding
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI
1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ALTE
C. Forwarding 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT
2 Ethernet0/0/1 DESI
D. Learning 2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI
2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT

2. (TorF) The CIST is a tree that consists of the ISTs and CST. ( )

Page 43 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Summary
• On an MSTP network, one or more VLANs can be mapped to an MSTI, and MSTP calculates
the spanning tree based on the MSTI. The MSTI is an instance-based spanning tree. MSTP
maintains a spanning tree for each independent MSTI. The VLANs mapped to the same MSTI
share the same spanning tree.
• MSTP can implement the following functions on the Ethernet:
▫ Forms multiple loop-free trees to prevent broadcast storms and implement redundancy.

▫ Multiple spanning trees perform load balancing and transmit traffic in different VLANs along
different paths.

Page 44 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 谢谢
Thank You
www.huawei.com

Page 45 Copyright © 2020 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.