07/21/2024 1
E-Content
AI Fundamentals
Semester: I
Prepared by:
Sofia K. Pillai
Session 2020-2021
07/21/2024 2
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
SYLLABUS
Unit-1 Introduction to AI 4 hours
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Foundations of AI, History of AI, AI Games, Agents and Environment, Risk and Benefits of AI
Unit-2 Principles of AI 6 hours
Knowledge Representation, Problem Solving, Searching and its Strategies, Heuristic Search, AI Project Cycle, Problem Scoping, Data Acquisition
Data Exploration, Modeling
Unit-3 Data Analysis 6 hours
Sort, Filter, Conditional Formatting, Charts, Pivot Tables, Tables, What if Analysis, Solver, Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, Regression
Introduction to Programming Languages for AI
Unit-4 Introduction to Machine Learning 5 hours
Introduction to Machine Learning, Types of Learning, Use of Probability and Statistics in AI, Data Mining and Analysis Techniques
Unit-5 Applications of AI 5 hours
AI applications in Agriculture, Climate, Healthcare, Transport, Automotive Industry, Civil Engineering, Education, Robotics, Finance, Law an
Legal practice, Media and Entertainment, Data Security, Tourism
Unit-6 AI in Practice 4 hours
The advances and the latest trends in AI, Discussion on State of the Art in AI, Limits of AI, Ethics of AI, Case studies
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 3
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Provide anCourse Code :of
overview XXXXXX Course and
Artificial Intelligence Name:its
Data structures using C
applications
Develop the ability to understand and apply data analysis on real world data
Provide an overview of Machine Learning
Introduce the cutting edge technologies and the ethical guidelines
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 4
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
COURSE OUTCOMES
Understand the basic concepts of Artificial Intelligence
Understand the principles of AI and its life cycle
Apply the concepts of data analysis in real world scenario
Identify the characteristics of machine learning that makes it useful to solve real-
world problems
Identify applications of AI in relevant disciplines
Understand the latest trends in AI and ethical issues
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 5
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
TEXT BOOKS/REFERENCE BOOKS
Norvig, Peter, and Russell, Stuart Jonathan. Artificial intelligence : a modern
approach. United Kingdom, Pearson, 2016.
Bishop, Christopher M.. Pattern Recognition and Machine
Learning. Switzerland, Springer New York, 2016.
Rich, Elaine. Artificial Intelligence 3E (Sie). India, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ., 2019.
Mehryar Mohri, Afshin Rostamizadeh, Ameet Talwalkar ”Foundations of Machine
Learning, MIT Press, 2012
Linoff, Gordon S. Data analysis using SQL and Excel. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech Sem: I 6
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
COURSE CONTENT UNIT-I
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Foundations of AI
History of AI
AI Games
Agents and Environment
Risk and Benefits of AI
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 7
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Agents and environments
Rationality
PEAS (Performance
measure, Environment,
Actuators, Sensors)
Environment types
Agent types
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 8
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment
through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators
Human agent: eyes, ears, and other organs for sensors; hands,
legs, mouth, and other body parts for actuators
Robotic agent: cameras and infrared range finders for sensors;
various motors for actuators
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
The agent function maps from percept histories to actions:
[f: P* A]
The agent program runs on the physical architecture to produce f
agent = architecture + program
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Rational agents
An agent should strive to "do the right thing", based on what it can
perceive and the actions it can perform. The right action is the one that
will cause the agent to be most successful
Performance measure: An objective criterion for success of an agent's
behavior
E.g., performance measure of a vacuum-cleaner agent could be amount
of dirt cleaned up, amount of time taken, amount of electricity
consumed, amount of noise generated, etc.
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Rational Agent: For each possible percept sequence, a rational agent should select an
action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence
provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has.
Rationality is distinct from omniscience (all-knowing with infinite knowledge)
Agents can perform actions in order to modify future percepts so as to obtain useful
information (information gathering, exploration)
An agent is autonomous if its behavior is determined by its own experience (with
ability to learn and adapt)
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
PEAS: Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
Must first specify the setting for intelligent agent design
Consider, e.g., the task of designing an automated taxi driver:
Performance measure
Environment
Actuators
Sensors
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Must first specify the setting for intelligent agent design
Consider, e.g., the task of designing an automated taxi driver:
Performance measure: Safe, fast, legal, comfortable trip, maximize profits
Environment: Roads, other traffic, pedestrians, customers
Actuators: Steering wheel, accelerator, brake, signal, horn
Sensors: Cameras, sonar, speedometer, GPS, odometer, engine sensors,
keyboard
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Agent: Medical diagnosis system
Performance measure: Healthy patient, minimize costs, lawsuits
Environment: Patient, hospital, staff
Actuators: Screen display (questions, tests, diagnoses, treatments,
referrals)
Sensors: Keyboard (entry of symptoms, findings, patient's
answers)
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Agent: Part-picking robot
Performance measure: Percentage of parts in correct
bins
Environment: Conveyor belt with parts, bins
Actuators: Jointed arm and hand
Sensors: Camera, joint angle sensors
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 16
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Agent: Interactive English tutor
Performance measure: Maximize student's score on
test
Environment: Set of students
Actuators: Screen display (exercises, suggestions,
corrections)
Sensors: Keyboard
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Environment types
Fully observable (vs. partially observable): An agent's sensors give it access to the complete
state of the environment at each point in time.
Deterministic (vs. stochastic): The next state of the environment is completely determined
by the current state and the action executed by the agent. (If the environment is
deterministic except for the actions of other agents, then the environment is strategic)
Episodic (vs. sequential): The agent's experience is divided into atomic "episodes" (each
episode consists of the agent perceiving and then performing a single action), and the
choice of action in each episode depends only on the episode itself.
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 18
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Static (vs. dynamic): The environment is unchanged while an agent is
deliberating. (The environment is semidynamic if the environment itself
does not change with the passage of time but the agent's performance
score does)
Discrete (vs. continuous): A limited number of distinct, clearly defined
percepts and actions.
Single agent (vs. multiagent): An agent operating by itself in an
environment.
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 19
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
An agent is completely specified by the agent
function mapping percept sequences to actions
One agent function (or a small equivalence class) is
rational
Aim: find a way to implement the rational agent
function concisely
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech Sem: I 20
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Agent types
Four basic types in order of increasing generality:
Simple reflex agents
Model-based reflex agents
Goal-based agents
Utility-based agents
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Simple reflex agents
Simple reflex agents
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 22
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Model-based agents
Model-based reflex agents
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech 23
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Goal-based agents
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Utility-based agents
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE01T1002 Course Name: AI Fundamentals
AGENTS & ENVIRONMENTS
Learning agents
Name of the Faculty: Sofia K. Pillai Program Name: B. Tech
