VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI - 590018
K.R PET KRISHNA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, K.R PET -571426
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
“Classification of Image processing Operations”
Presented by
SHIVAYOGI AM LOKESH VN
4GK21CS044 4GK21CS019
Classification of Image Processing Operations
Image operations
1. Point Operations.
2. Local Operations.
3. Global Operations.
Point operations are those whose output value at a specific
coordinate is dependent only on the input value.
A local operation is one whose output value at a specific coordinate
is dependent on the input values in the neighbourhood of the pixel.
Global operations are those whose output value at a specific
coordinate is dependent on all the values in the input image.
Arithmetic Operations
These are array operations which are carried out between corresponding pixel
pairs. The four arithmetic operations are denoted as:
• g( x,y)=f1 (x,y)+f2 (x,y)
• g(x,y)=f1( x,y)-f2 ( x,y )
• g(x,y)=f1 (x,y)*f2 (x,y)
• g(x,y)=f1 (x,y)/f2 (x,y)
Image addition
Two images can be added in a direct manner
The pixels of the input images f1(x,y) and f2(x,y) are added to obtain the
resultant image g(x,y).
g(x,y)=f1(x,y)+f2(x,y)
During the image addition process, care should be taken to ensure that the
sum does not cross the allowed range.
The brightness of an image is the average pixel intensity of an image. If a
positive or negative constant is added to all the pixels of an image, the
average pixel intensity of the image increases or decreases respectively.
OUTPUT
Image Subtraction
The subtraction of two images can be done as follows :
• Consider g(x,y)=f1(x,y)-f2(x,y) where f1(x,y) and f2(x,y) are
two input images and g(x,y) is the output image.
• To avoid negative values, it is desirable to find the modulus of
the difference as
g(x,y)=| f1(x,y)-f2(x,y)|
• It is also possible to subtract a constant value k from the image
i.e g(x,y)= | f1(x,y)-k|, as k is constant.
If there is no difference between the frames, the subtraction
process yields zero, and if there is any difference, it indicates
the change.
Some of the practical applications of image subtraction are as
follows:
• Background elimination
• Brightness reduction
• Change detection
OUTPUT
Image Multiplication
Image multiplication can be done in the following manner:
Consider g(x,y)=f1(x,y) x f2(x,y)
f1(x,y) and f2(x,y) are two input images and g(x,y) is the output image.
If the multiplied value crosses the maximum value of the data type of
the images, the value of the pixel is reset to the maximum allowed
value.
Scaling by a constant can be performed as g(x,y)=f(x,y)x k
where k is a constant.
If k is greater than 1, the overall contrast increases. If k is less than 1, the
contrast decreases. The brightness and contrast can be manipulated
together as g(x,y)=af(x,y)+k
Some of the practical applications of image multiplication as follows:
It increases contrast. If a fraction less than 1 is multiplied with the
image, it results in decrease of contrast. Image that by multiplying a
factor of 1.25 with the original image, the contrast of the image
increases.
It is useful for designing filter masks.
It is useful for creating a mask to highlight the area of interest.
Image Division
Division can be performed as g(x,y) = f1(x,y)/f2(x,y)
where f1(x,y) and f2(x,y) are two input images and g(x,y) is the
output image.
The division process may result in floating-point numbers. Hence,
the float data type should be used in programming.
Some of the practical applications of image division is as follows:
• Change detection
• Separation of luminance and reflectance components
• Contrast reduction
