Behavior Based Safety
M Sil ( Safety Department )
ZERO ACCIDENT IS POSSIBLE
LEARN COMMIT BELIEVE
PRACTICE BEHAVIOUR BASED SAFETY
FOUNDATION CONCEPTS…
It is better to slay a dragon than to teach people ways to live peacefully
with him!!!
What’s the difference between traditional & behavioral- based
safety programs???
THE CONCEPTS OF BBS CAN BE APPLIED
ANYWHERE!!!
While Driving
At Home
At Work
TRADITIONAL……..
Typically top-down approach
Focus on regulations & procedures
Treats symptoms
External enforcement
DO AS I SAY…JUST DO IT… BUT WHEN BACK
IS TURNED…THEY WILL DO WHAT THEY
WANT TO DO
BEHAVIORAL BASED…..
Is a bottom-up approach
Focus on employee behaviors
Addresses root causes
Internal enforcement
BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY
Behavior-Based Safety is a process that helps employees
identify and choose a safe behavior over an unsafe one.
DuPont Research found that . . .
1 Avoid
Fatal
30 LTAs
300 Non LTAs
3,000 Near Miss / First Aid
30,000 Hazards
(Unsafe Acts & Conditions)
Eliminate
WHY BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY?
Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to injury
Focuses on safe behaviors that can contribute to injury
prevention
BBS is an injury
prevention process
1b
BEHAVIOR
Human behavior causes most accidents
– Comfort
– Saving Time
– Convenience
– Lack of understanding and training
– Complacency
– Wrong Safety focus
– Celebrating production over safety
BEHAVIOR
Observable Action
Safe Behavior
At-risk Behavior
Measurable
Causes most accidents
Consequences motivate change
Types of at-risk behavior:
•Conscious behavior
•Habitual behavior
•Unintentional behavior
BBS is about unintentional behavior and
habitual behavior.
To be more specific, it's about how to prevent
mistakes or errors you never wanted to make
in the first place.
BASIC BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES
Safety in the workplace is a combination of three
measurable components: the person, their environment,
and their behavior.
Only when these three elements are combined can
workplace accidents be eliminated.
THE SAFETY TRIAD
4a
BASIC BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES
The person component consist of the employees:
Physical capabilities
Experience, and
Training
BASIC BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES
The work environment represents:
Engineering Controls,
Equipment,
Job task, and
The work culture
BASIC BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES
The final, most often overlooked component is behavior
—what the person does on the job.
THE BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY
PROCESS
Behavior-based safety is based on four key components:
A behavioral observation and feedback process;
A formal review of observation data;
Improvement goals, and
Reinforcement for improvement and goal attainment.
Definitions:
Behavior: Any directly measurable thing
that a person does, including speaking,
acting, and performing physical functions.
Some examples of behavior:
Human Behavior is a function of :
Activators (what needs to be done)
Competencies (how it needs to be done)
Consequences (what happens if it is done)
Human behavior is both:
Observable
Measurable
therefore
Behavior can be managed !
ATTITUDES
ARE INSIDE A PERSON’S HEAD -THEREFORE
THEY ARE NOT OBSERVABLE OR MEASURABLE
however
Attitudes can be changed by changing behaviors
BBS
Reality is… the majority of the time
our own Bad Habits and/or our Lack
Of Thinking Things Through
Cause us to get hurt!!!
E
What is Antecedent ?
Anything that occurs before or during the
behavior can be an antecedent for that behavior
B: Working at heights with safety belts
A: Painful Memory of past accident
It is Antecedents that cause a certain types of
behavior to happen
What is Consequence ?
Anything that occurs after a behavior.
Consequences increase or decrease the
probability that the behaviors will occur again in
the future.
B: Working at heights with safety belts
A: Painful Memory of past accident
C: No more accidents
The ABC of BBS Program
A: Antecedents – cause of certain behavior
B: Behavior – what you see a person do
C: Consequence – outcome of a behavior
What is BBS Program?
Understand & Influence Antecedents
Make people behave safely, work safely
Minimize / eliminate workplace injuries
This is Zero Injury Culture too . . .
BEHAVIORAL MODEL
Antecedents B = f (c)
Behaviors
Consequences
ONLY 4 TYPES OF CONSEQUENCES:
Positive Reinforcement (R+)
("Do this & you'll be rewarded")
Negative Reinforcement (R-)
("Do this or else you'll be penalized")
Behavior
Punishment (P)
("If you do this, you'll be penalized")
Extinction (E)
("Ignore it and it'll go away")
BOTH POSITIVE (R+) & NEGATIVE (R-)
REINFORCEMENT CAN INCREASE
BEHAVIOR
R+ : any consequence that follows a behavior and increases the probability
that the behavior will occur more often in the future - You get something you
want
R- : a consequence that strengthens any behavior that reduces or
terminates the behavior - You escape or avoid something you don’t want
Good safety
R+ suggestion Joe! Keep
bringing ‘em up!
One more report like
this and you’re outa
here!!
R-
R+
P
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r
f
o The effects of positive
r reinforcement
m
a
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Time
e
P P
e
r The effects of
f punishment
o
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m
a
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e Time
BBS
Rushing
Frustration
Fatigue
Complacency
Unit 1
CAN CAUSE OR CONTRIBUTE TO
THESE “4 CRITICAL ERRORS”
Eyes not on Task
Mind not on Task
Line - of - Fire
Balance/Traction/Grip
Unit 1
INCREASING THE RISK OF INJURY!!
Eyes not on Task
Rushing
Mind not on Task
Frustration
Line - of - Fire
Fatigue
+ Balance/Traction/Grip
Complacency
OBSERVATION
Reactive Behavior
Personal Protective Equipment
Specific Job Risks
Tools and Equipment
Safe Work Practices
Ergonomics
REACTIVE BEHAVIOR
Adjusting PPE
Changing position / Turning away
Stopping work / Attaching safe guards
Rearranging job
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Head gear
Eye protection and face shielding
Hearing protection
Respiratory protection
Arm and hand covering
Foot and leg protection
SPECIFIC JOB RISKS
Strike against or caught
Line of fire
Fall, slip hazard
Contact hot, chemical or electric
Inhale or swallow hazardous substance
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Wrong for the job
Used incorrectly
In need of repair or maintenance
Clutter & poor housekeeping
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Not defined
Not known or understood
Ignored or done poorly
Not compatible with task
ERGONOMICS
Forceful exertions
Awkward postures
High repetition
Long duration w/o rest
COACHING AND FEEDBACK
FOR THE SKILLED OBSERVER
FORMAL REVIEW OF OBSERVATION
DATA
The data is then analyzed to determine the employee’s (or
department’s) improvement in safe behaviors. It can be
looked at as an overall percentage.
Example: If there were 20 items on the checklist and the
worker performed 17 of them safely, then he would get a
score of 85% safe.
FORMAL REVIEW OF OBSERVATION
DATA
The improvement between observations could be graphed
and displayed for employees to view. When the graphs
shows improvement, it provides positive reinforcing
feedback to employees.
OBSERVATION AND FEEDBACK
Observation and feedback goals:
Create a situation where employees will consciously practice
safe behaviors.
Reinforce safe behaviors.
Correct worker when at-risk behaviors are observed.
Through feedback look for the cause of at-risk behaviors;
consciousness, facility/equipment, disagreement, personal
choice, etc.
OBSERVATION AND FEEDBACK CONT.
Follow standard procedures for all observations.
Observations should be brief but thorough.
Focus on actions, showing respect and genuine concern
for worker being observed.
Keep information confidential, not a disciplinary tool.
OBSERVATION PROCEDURES
Familiarize yourself with the work area and project
observing.
Ask permission to observe.
Observe task, looking at safe work practices listed on the
observation cards.
Immediately correct any imminent danger situations.
Stop the job and discuss the concerns.
OBSERVATION PROCEDURES CONT.
At the completion of the observation give feedback.
Positivelyreinforce safe practices.
Give corrective feedback.
Record barriers found that may produce at-risk
behaviors.
For self observations; Plan ahead and record
observations immediately after task.
FEEDBACK
After observation stop the job for a short discussion.
Give positive feedback for safe work practices.
Give corrective feedback:
Why at-risk practice was used?
Ask if another method, using safe practices, could be used.
Offer ideas.
Review comments recorded on observation cards with
employee.
FEEDBACK CONT.
Thank employee for allowing the observation.
Assure the observed employee that the process is
confidential and is not used for disciplinary actions.
FEEDBACK / RESISTANCE
Remember participation is voluntary.
Listen to disagreements.
Respect their position and find points you can agree on.
You may not have all the answers! Don’t act like you
do.
IMPROVEMENT GOALS
Setting improvement goals increases the effectiveness of
feedback and the success of the behavior-based safety
process.
IMPROVEMENT GOALS
These goals can take different forms, such as:
1. Percent safe goals
2. Process goals
3. Implementation goals
REINFORCEMENT FOR IMPROVEMENT AND GOAL
ATTAINMENT
Management must provide immediate, positive feedback to
reinforce safe behavior. Rewards can be an effective means
of reinforcing goal attainment.
RESULTS
Increased efficiency
Increased productivity
Increased morale
Increase profitability
The Behavior Based Safety Challenge:
To create conditions that encourage
people to collaborate because they want
Let’s do
to it!!
not because they have to
INVENTORY OF CRITICAL BEHAVIOUR
Observer Name: Observer Emp.No:
Date & Time of
No. of people observed: Location:
Observation:
S.No Category BEHAVIOUR ELEMENTS Safe At-risk Comments for Item #
1Body position 1.1 Line of Fire While (Job):
1.2 Pinch points / Nip points
1.3 Eyes on Path Was (At-risk behavior):
1.4 Eyes on Tasks / Hand
1.5 Ascending / Descending Because (Barriers):
2Body Use 2.1 Lifting and Lowering / Pulling and Follow - up Action:
Pushing
2.2 Overextended / Cramped Comments for Item #
3Tools & Equipment 3.1 Selection / Condition / Use/ Storage While (Job):
3.2 Vehicle select/ Conditions / Use (e.g. Was (At-risk behavior):
Forklift, Tractor, etc)
3.3 Barricades/Warning Because (Barriers):
4Procedures 4.1 Permit / Authorisation Follow - up Action:
4.2 Communication of Hazards Comments for Item #
4.3 Pre-Post Job Inspection While (Job):
5PPE 5.1 Head Was (At-risk behavior):
Because (Barriers):
5.2 Eyes & Face
Follow - up Action:
5.3 Hand/Arm
5.4 Respiratory Comments for Item #
5.5 Hearing While (Job):
5.6 Fall Was (At-risk behavior):
5.7 Body Because (Barriers):
5.8 Foot Follow - up Action:
6Environment 6.1 Walking / Working Surfaces Comments for Item #
6.2 Housekeeping While (Job):
7Mental condition 7.1 Mental stress Was (At-risk behavior):
7.2 Visual focussing to fatigue condition Because (Barriers):
Follow - up Action:
Total Score
ARE YOU READY FOR BEHAVIOR-BASED
SAFETY?
