DENTURE

DENTURE BASES
BASES
Items
Items to
to be
be covered
covered
Definition
Definition Chemical-cured
Chemical-curedacrylic
acrylicdenture
dentureplastics
plastics

Functions
Functions Composition
Composition

Requirements
Requirementsofofdenture
denturebases
bases Difference
Differencebetween
betweenheat
heatand
andself-cured
self-cured

Different
Differentdenture
denturebase
basematerials
materials Advantages
Advantagesandanddisadvantages
disadvantages
Heat-cured
Heat-curedacrylic
acrylicdenture
denturebase
base Light-activated
Light-activatedacrylic
acrylicresin
resin
Physical
Physicalform
formand
andcomposition
composition Composition
Compositionand andapplications
applications
Denture
Denturebase
baseconstruction
construction Advantages
Advantagesand anddisadvantages
disadvantages
Steps
Stepsofofthe
thepolymerization
polymerizationreaction
reaction Properties
Propertiesofofacrylic
acrylicdenture
denturebases
bases
Processing
Processingdefects
defects Mechanical
Mechanicalproperties
properties
Porosity
Porosity Physical
Physicalproperties
properties
Warpage
Warpage Tissue
TissueCompatibility
Compatibility
Crazing
Crazing Polymerization
Polymerizationshrinkage
shrinkage
The denture base is that
part of the denture which
rests on the tissues and
carries the artificial teeth.
 Functions
Functions

•• Support
Support & & retain
retain denture
denture teeth
teeth
•• Stress
Stress distribution
distribution
•• Improve
Improve esthetics
esthetics
 Requirements
Requirements ofof denture
denture
base
base materials
materials
 11.. Strength
Strength and
and durability
durability
 2.
2. Satisfactory
Satisfactory thermal
thermal properties
properties
 3.
3. Processing
Processing accuracy
accuracy andand dimensional
dimensional stability
stability
 4.
4. Chemical
Chemical stability
stability (unprocessed
(unprocessed asas well
well as
as processed
processed
material)
material)
 5.
5. Insolubility
Insolubility in
in and
and low
low sorption
sorption of
of oral
oral fluids
fluids
 6.
6. Absence
Absence of of taste
taste and
and odor
odor
 7.
7. Biocompatible
Biocompatible
 8.
8. Natural
Natural appearance
appearance
 9.
9. Color
Color stability
stability
 10.
10. Adhesion
Adhesion to to plastics,
plastics, metals,
metals, and
and porcelain
porcelain teeth
teeth
 11.
11. Ease
Ease of
of fabrication
fabrication and
and repair
repair
 12.
12. Moderate
Moderate cost cost
 Different
Different denture
denture base
base
materials
materials
 Material Character
I. Non-Metallic Advantages
1. Heat-cured Polymethyl methacrylate 1.Color matches gingival tissues
(PMMA) 2. Easy constructed & repaired
2. Self-Cure (PMMA) 3. Easy to be finished & polished
3. Light cure (PMMA) 4. Easy to reline
4. Pour-type denture base resin (fluid 5. Light in weight
resin), chemical cure 6. Not expensive
5. High-impact strength material
(rubber-reinforced), heat cure Disadvantages
6. Rapid-heat polymerized acrylic, 1.Moderate mechanical properties
7. Hydrophilic Polyacrylate. 2.Could be scratched
8. Soft acrylic. 3.Do not transmit heat
4.May cause allergy to the patient
5.Crazing & bleaching may occur
6.Bacterial & fungal colonization may
occur
 Material Character

II. Metallic materials Advantages

1.Cast gold alloys 1.High mechanical properties
2.Cast cobalt-chromium 2.Could not be scratched
3.Cast titanium & titanium alloy 3.Transmit heat
4.Swaged stainless-steel 4.Minimal allergy to the patient
5.Crazing not occur
6.Minimal bacterial & fungal
colonization

Disadvantages
1. Color not matches gingival tissues
2. Not easy constructed & repaired
3. Not easy to be finished & polished
4. Not easy to reline
5. Heavy in weight
6. Relatively expensive
7. Corrosion may occur
Heat-cured
Heat-cured acrylic
acrylic denture
denture
base
base
 Physical
Physical form
form and
and composition
composition
 Denture
Denture base
base plastics
plastics are
are commonly
commonly
supplied
supplied in
in aa powder-liquid
powder-liquid form
form
Complete-Dentures-Laboratory-Procedures[www.savevid.com].3gp
Principle
Principle ingredient
ingredient of
of acrylic
acrylic denture
denture base
base
1. Heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate
a. Powder

Pre polymerized polymethyl methacrylate in the form of

small beads.

Initiator: benzoyl peroxide.

Plasticizers: dibutyl phthalate to soften the material and make

it more flexible.
Pigments: various tissue like shades.

Acrylic fibers: simulate the minute blood vessels.

Glass fibers: to increase the stiffness.

Barium salts: improve the radiopacity of the polymer.

b. Liquid (present in dark glass bottle)

Monomer: methyl methacrylate.

Inhibitor: to prevent premature polymerization which is

hydroquinone.

Cross-linkage agent: glycol dimethacrylate to decrease

the solubility and water sorption and increase the

resistance to minute surface cracking or crazing.

Denture base construction using compression
molding technique

1. Flasking procedure

2. Wax elimination

3. Proportioning and mixing

Polymer / Monomer ratio

•The proportion of polymer to monomer is 3:1 by volume and

2:1 by weight.

• The powder and liquid are mixed with stainless steel spatula
and kept in a sealed glass jar during the initial stages of reaction
to avoid the loss of the monomer by evaporation. A plastic mass
is produced after mixing.
On standing this workable mass pass
through five stage:
1. Sandy stage
The polymer gradually settles into the monomer and a
some what fluid incoherent mass is formed which is
grainy.

2. Stringy or sticky stage

The monomer attaches the surface of the polymer beads.
This stage is characterized by a stringiness and
adhesiveness if the mixture is touched or pulled apart.
3. Dough stage
The monomer diffuses into the polymer gradually and the mass
becomes more saturated with polymer in solution, it becomes
smooth and dough like. It is no longer tacky and does not adhere to
the wall of the mixing jar.

4. Rubbery stages
The monomer disappears by evaporation and by further
penetration into the polymer. The mass becomes more
cohesive and rubber like.

5. Stiff stage
Evaporation of free monomer.
During the various stages, the reaction is physical in
nature and include solution of polymer in monomer and
some absorption of monomer by the polymer as well as
wetting of the polymer particles.

4. Packing

5. Trial closure

6. Curing
Curing
The curing cycle described the heating processes employed to control
polymerization reaction of the dough, to transform methyl methacrylate
to polymethyl methacrylate.

Curing cycles are divided into 2 main groups:

1. Short curing cycle (about 2.5 hours)

Put the flask in a water bath and increase the temperature gradually from

room temperature to 65 ᵒC within 30 minutes and keep at 75 ᵒC for

one and half hour, then keep at boiling for 30 minutes.
2. Long curing cycle (about 9 hours)

Put the flask in a water bath, then the temperature is raised gradually to 65 ᵒC
within 30 minutes, then the temperature is raised to 80 ᵒC
within 8 hours and kept at boiling for 30 minutes. Usually long curing

cycle is used for curing bulky prosthetic appliance.

Importance of the boiling stage
•It is important to reduce the level of residual monomer in
the finished denture,
•to complete polymerization
•to reduce the allergic effect of residual monomer.

Excessive boiling is contraindicated as the resin

becomes brittle and easily broken.

7. Deflasking and finishing

8. Polishing
Steps of the polymerization reaction:
1. Initiation
2. Propagation
3. Termination
Direct coupling or by chain transfer