Introduction

GEOMETRY
Introduction

• Geometry is a subject in mathematics that focuses on the study of shapes, sizes,

relative configurations, and spatial properties.
• It is one of the oldest branches of mathematics, having arisen in response to
such practical problems as those found in surveying.
• Geometry will guide you through points, lines, planes, angles, parallel lines,
triangles, similarity, trigonometry, quadrilaterals, transformations, circles and
area.
Concept

● Point : A point is an exact location

● Line Segment :The straight path between two points A and B is called a line
segment AB. A line segment has two end points.

● Ray : On extending a line segment AB indefinitely in one direction we get the

ray AB.

● Line : A line segment AB extended indefinitely in both directions is called line

AB. Two line meet in a point , two planes meet in a line.
Concept

● Concurrent Lines : Three or more lines intersecting at the same points are
called concurrent lines.

● Angle : Two rays OA and OB having a common end points O form angle AOB,
written as ∠AOB

● Right angle - An angle whose measure is 90° is called a right angle.

● Acute angle - An angle whose measure is less than 90° is called an acute
angle.
Concept
Concept

● Obtuse angle : An angle whose measure is more than 90° but less than 180°,
is called an obtues angle.

● Straight angle - An angle whose measure is 180° is called a Straight angle.

● Reflex angle - An angle whose measure is more than 180° but less than 360°,
is called a Reflex angle.

● Complete angle - An angle whose measure is 360°, is called a complete

angle.

● Equal angle - Two angles are said to be equal , if they have the same
measure.
Concept

● Complementary angle : Two angles are said to be complementary if the sum

of their measures is 90. For example, angles measuring 65° and 25° are
complementary angle.

● Supplementary angle : Two angle are said to be supplementary if the sum of

their measures is 180°. For example, angles measures 70° and 110° are
supplementary.

● Adjacent angle : Two angles are called adjacent angle if they have the same
vertex and a common arm such that non-common arms are on either side of
the common arm. In the given figure , ∠AOC and ∠BOC are adjacent angle.
Concept
Concept

● Quadrilateral : A figure bounded by four straight line is called a quadrilateral.

The sum of all angles of a quadrilateral is 360°. Eg : Rectangle, Square,
Parallelogram, Rhombus
● In a parallelogram, we have
=>Opposite sides are equal.
=>Opposite angles are equal.
=>Each diagonal bisects the parallelogram.
=>Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
● Diagonals of a rectangle are equal.
● Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
Important results:

1.If a ray stands on a line , than the sum of two adjacent

angle so formed is 180° In the given figure , ray CD
stands on line AB.∠ACD + ∠BCD = 180°.

2. The sum of all angle formed on the same side of a

line at a given point on the line is 180°. In the given figure
four angle are formed on the same side of AOB.
∠AOE + ∠EOD + ∠DOC + ∠COB = 180°.
Important results:

3.The sum of all angle around a point is 360° In the given

figure five angle are formed around a point O.
∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COD + ∠DOE + ∠EOA=360°.

4. If two lines A Band CD intersect at a point O, then AOC ,

BOD and BOC , AOD are two pair of vertically opposites
angle Vertically opposite angle are always equal.
∠AOC = ∠BOD and ∠AOD = ∠BOC
Important results:

Traversal line cutting parallel lines:

1. Let two parallel lines AB and CD be cut by a transversal EF. Then Corresponding
angle are equal.
∠1= ∠5, ∠2= ∠6, ∠3= ∠7, ∠4= ∠8.
2. Alternate interior angles are equal.
∠3= ∠5, ∠4= ∠6
3. Consective interior angles are supplementary
∠4+ ∠5=180°, ∠3+ ∠6=180°.
 Important results:

1. Inscribed Angle Theorems

Angle at the Center Theorem:
An inscribed angle a° is half of the central angle 2a°

2. Angles Subtended by Same Arc Theorem:

The angle a° is always the same,
no matter where it is on the same arc between end points
 Important results:

Angle at the Center Theorem:

An angle inscribed across a circle's diameter is always
a right angle:
Cyclic Quadrilateral:
A Cyclic Quadrilateral's opposite angles add to 180°:
a + c = 180°
b + d = 180°
Question 01:

What is measurement of the indicated angle assuming the figure is a square?

A. 45o
B. 90o
C. 60o
D. 30º

Answer: B
Question 02:

If the line m is parallel to the side AB of ?ABC, what is angle a?

A. 125o
B. 25o
C. 65o
D. 50º

Answer: D
Question 03:

Consider the circle shown below having angle AOB as 135º and the shaded portion
is the x part of the circular region. Calculate the value of x.
A. 1/12
B. 1/9
C. 1/6
D. 1/4

Answer: D
Question 04:

AB and CD are two parallel chords on the opposite sides of the center of the circle.
If AB = 10 cm, CD = 24 cm and the radius of the circle is 13 cm, the distance
between the chords is
A. 16cm
B. 18cm
C. 15cm
D. 17cm
Answer: D
Question 05:

Find the center of the circle whose equation is x2 + y2 -10x + 12y -10 = 0
A. (5,6)
B. (-5,6)
C. (5,-6)
D. (10,-12)

Answer: C
Question 06:

Find the distance between the points (2,2) and (-1,6)

A. 5 units
B. 4 units
C. 7 units
D. √(26) units

Answer: A
Question 07:

Find the area of the triangle formed by the three points whose coordinates are
(2, 3), (4, 5) and (6, 3).
A. 2 units
B. 4 units
C. 3 units
D. 6 units

Answer: B
Question 08:

In a triangle ABC, a circle which touches the edges of all three sides is called
A. In circle
B. Circumcircle
C. Out circle
D. Edge circle

Answer: A
Question 10:

Which of the following is a Pythagorean triplet ?

A. 11 , 40 , 21
B. 3,4,8
C. 25,24,7
D. 26,25,31

Answer: C
Question 11:

A circle of radius 3 cm is drawn inscribed in a right angle triangle ABC, right angled
at C. If AC is 10 Find the value of CB.
A. 10.5 cm
B. (20/7)√58 cm
C. 12 cm
D. 15 cm

Answer: A
Question 12:

In the given figure, AB is the diameter of the circle with center O. If ∠BOD = 15° &
∠EOA = 85°, then find the value of ∠ECA.
A. 45o
B. 25o
C. 30o
D. 35º

Answer: D
Question 13:

What is the size of Angle BAC?

A. 45o
B. 35o
C. 60o
D. 30º

Answer: B
Question 14:

What is the size of Angle CBX?

A. 45o
B. 90o
C. 60o
D. 30º

Answer: C
Question 15:

What is the size of Angle WXY?

A. 96o
B. 291o
C. 21o
D. 111o

Answer: D