UNIT II-ARRAYS AND STRINGS
ARRAYS
• An array in C is a fixed-size collection of similar
data items stored in contiguous memory
locations.
• It can be used to store the collection of
primitive data types such as int, char, float,
etc., and also derived and user-defined data
types such as pointers, structures, etc
Array Declaration
• In C, we have to declare the array like any
other variable before using it.
• We can declare an array by specifying its
name, the type of its elements, and the size of
its dimensions.
• When we declare an array in C, the compiler
allocates the memory block of the specified
size to the array name.
• Syntax of Array Declaration
• data_type array_name [size];
or
data_type array_name [size1] [size2]...[sizeN];
• where N is the number of dimensions.
example
• // C Program to illustrate the array declaration
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main()
• {
• // declaring array of integers
• int arr_int[5];
• // declaring array of characters
• char arr char[5];
•
• return 0;
• }
Array Initialization
• Initialization in C is the process to assign some
initial value to the variable.
• When the array is declared or allocated
memory, the elements of the array contain
some garbage value.
• So, we need to initialize the array to some
meaningful value. There are multiple ways in
which we can initialize an array in C.
• data_type array_name [size] = {value1,
value2, ... valueN};
• // C Program to demonstrate array initialization
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main()
• {
• // array initialization using initializer list
• int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
• // array initialization using initializer list without
• // specifying size
• int arr1[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
• // array initialization using for loop
• float arr2[5];
• for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
• arr2[i] = (float)i * 2.1;
• }
• return 0;
• }
example
• // C Program to demonstrate the use of array
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main()
• {
• // array declaration and initialization
• int arr[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
• // modifying element at index 2
• arr[2] = 100;
• // traversing array using for loop
• printf("Elements in Array: ");
• for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
• printf("%d ", arr[i]);
• }
• return 0;
• }
output
• Elements in Array: 10 20 100 40 50
