BLOOD
COLLECTION…
….
BLOOD COLLECTION…….
1. Collection sites:
a. Capillary blood
o Ring/middle finger - adults & children – half way b/n centre & ball (vascular & fleshy).
o Heel - infant < 3 months – side of heel.
o Big toe – older infants (> 3 months) – side of great toe.
o Ear lobe – today is not routinely used as a blood collection site.
CAPILLARY BLOOD
RING/MIDDLE FINGER -
ADULTS & CHILDREN
CAPILLARY BLOOD …
The capillary blood is obtained by skin puncture.
It provides only small quantities of blood specimen for making a blood smear (differential
count), cell count or hematocrit determination.
Skin puncture specimen is preferred over venipuncture specimen for the study of blood smear
and differential count.
BLOOD COLLECTION BY FINGER
PUNCTURE PROCEDURE
1. Assemble the necessary equipment, lancet alcohol pad, dry surgical gauze, capillary tube,
microscope, slide and other supplies(glass, , marking penile, lead panicle, etc).
2. Be sure that the patient is seated comfortably.
3. Find a spot on the middle or ring finger of the left hand. The spot is located on the side of
the figure, which is less sensitive than the tip.
4. Clean the site with a sterile cotton wool swab dipped in 70% alcohol, then remove the
alcohol with a dry sterile cotton wool swab. This remove dirt, and epithelial debris. Warm
up the part chosen site for pricking, increase the blood circulation. And leave the area
relatively sterile.
FINGER PUNCTURE
PROCEDURE …
5. Grasp the figure firmly and make a quick , firm puncture with a sterile lancet (sharp pointed blade).
The puncture should be 2-3 millimeter deep at the pre located spot on the side of the figure in line
with the figure print striations.
- If a good puncture has been made , the blood will flow freely. If it does not , use gentle pressure to
make the blood form a round drop. Excessive squeezing will cause dilution of blood with tissue fluid.
6. Wipe away the first drop of blood with sterile cotton wool. The first drop of blood may be
contaminated with tissue fluid and will interfere with the laboratory result if used. The succeeding
drops are used for test.
7. Collect the specimen by holding a capillary tube to the blood drop (for hematocrit determination), or
by sucking in to the Sahli pipette for the hemoglobin determination and for blood count, or by
touching the drop to the glass slide for preparing smear.
COLLECTION OF VENOUS
BLOOD
The volume of blood obtained by venipuncture is sufficient to carry out multiple test.
Venipuncture can be done either by the syringe method or vacuum tube method, the latter is
disposable and is not popular in developing countries because of the high cost.
Venous blood is collected from a vein.
Veins in the forearm are most commonly used for vein puncture.
Veins in the wrist or ankle may also be used for vein puncture (if the forearm site is not
available).
VENOUS BLOOD….
Venous blood is collected from a vein.
Veins in the forearm are most commonly used for vein puncture.
Veins in the wrist or ankle may also be used for vein puncture (if
the forearm site is not available).
VEINS IN THE FOREARM
VEINS OF FORE ARM
VEINS IN THE WRIST
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
Gloves
Needle
Holder
Tubes
Gauze
Alcohol Pad
Band Aid
Sharps Container
Tourniquet
NEEDLE GAUGE
• Gauge is the diameter of the needle
• The smaller the gauge, the larger the diameter.
• Routine adult collections use the 21 or 22G.
• 23G is used for children and smaller, fragile veins.
• 25G may be used for scalp vein draws on neonates and premature infants.
• Smaller gauge needles used with full draw evacuated tubes may cause pain, slow blood
delivery, and hemolytic.
NEEDLE GAUGE
BLOOD COLLECTION PROCEDURE BY
VENIPUNCTURE
1. Assemble all the things required during blood collection
2. Read carefully the patients form, identify the patient and decide patient and decide the total
amount of blood needed for the entire test.
3. Select the blood collection container and label them with the patients identification number.
4. Introduce your self to the patient. Ask the patient to sit alongside the table used for taking
blood. Lay his arm on the table, palm upwards.
- The procedure of blood collection should be explained by the veinpuncturist to the patient to
minimize apprehension.
- Never draw blood from standing patient or patient sitting on a high stool.
5. Select the puncture site carefully after inspecting both arms.
6. Apply the tourniquet before drawing blood. The tourniquet should not be left in place unless the technician is ready to
proceed immediately with the veinpuncture.
7. Using the index figure of your left hand , feel for the vein where you will introduce the needle.
8. Disinfect the site with a swab dipped in methanol or 70% alcohol. Rub the venipuncture site thoroughly.
9. Remove the syringe from the protective warp or test tube used during sterilization and the needle from the sterilized
vial, assemble them and see the needle is fixed tightly.
10. Puncture the vein, try to enter the skin first and then the vein , at a 30 to 40 0 angle. Continue with draw the position
and fill the syringe with the request amount of blood.
11. Release the tourniquet by pooling on the looped end.
12. Place a swab of cotton wool over the hidden point of the needle. With draw the needle in one rapid movement from
under the swab.
13. Ask the patient to firmly on the cotton wool swab for 3 to 5 minutes. This stops bleeding from the wound. Do not
bend the arm , this may cause hematoma.
VENIPUNCTURE
PROCEDURE…
15. Mix the blood immediately and thoroughly but gently with the anti coagulant. Label the
bottle clearly with the name of the patient, date, sex and registration number.
16. Immediately discard the syringe and the needle in appropriate waste disposal equipment.
17. Before the patient leaves , re inspect the venipuncture site to ascertain that the bleeding has
stopped. If the bleeding has stopped , apply an adhesive tap over the cotton wool swab on the
wound , otherwise continue to apply pressure until the bleeding stops. Do not leave the patient
until the bleeding stops.
SITES TO AVOID FOR
VENIPUNCTURE
Scarred areas
Side of the mastectomy
Hematoma
An arm with an IV
If unavoidable draw distal to IV
Edematous areas
Arm in which blood is being transfused
Arms with fistulas or vascular grafts
