THEORY OF
TORSION
UNIT - IV
Introduction
Power is generally transmitted through shafts. While transmitting
power, a turning force is applied in a vertical plane perpendicular to
the axis of the shaft. The product of this turning force and distance
of its application from the centre of the shaft is known as torque,
turning moment or twisting moment. A shaft of a circular section is
said to be in torsion when it is subjected to torque.
Torsion
Torsion is the twisting of a shaft or other object due to an applied
torque. Torque is a twisting force that tends to cause an object to
rotate about an axis.
A circular shaft is said to be in a state of pure torsion when it is
subjected to pure torque and not accompanied by any other force
such as bending or axial force.
Assumption made in theory of pure torsion
The following assumptions are made in the theory of pure torsion which relates
shear stress and the angle of twist to the applied torque.
The material of the shaft is uniform throughout.
The material of the shaft obeys Hooke’s law.
The shaft is of uniform circular section throughout.
The shaft is subjected to twisting couples whose planes are exactly
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
The twist along the shaft is uniform.
Advantages of hollow shaft over solid shaft
A hollow shaft has greater torsional strength than a solid shaft of same
material.
A hollow shat has more stiffness than a solid shaft of same cross–sectional
area.
The material required for hollow shaft is comparatively lesser than the
solid shaft for same strength.
Hollow shaft is lighter in weight than a solid shaft of equal strength.
The removal of core from large shafts increase their reliability.
Torsion testing machine
Drive unit Display
Fixed grip
Rotating grip Movable support with
Specimen load cell
Clamp levers
Guide rails
Base
THE END
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