Unit Four:-Install and Configure peripherals to a

network

 Connect peripherals to the network

 Computer networking refers to interconnected computing devices
that can exchange data and share resources with each other. These
networked devices use a system of rules, called communications
protocols, to transmit information over physical or wireless
technologies.
 A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located
on or provided by network nodes. The computers use common
communication protocols over digital interconnections to
communicate with each other.
A computer network, also referred to as a data network, is a series of
interconnected nodes that can transmit, receive and exchange data,
voice and video traffic. Examples of nodes in a network include servers
or modems.

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 Advantage of Networking:

Share Documents
Exchange e-mail messages
Live audio and video broadcast
Using one device for many computers like printer
Sharing external memory like Hard disk.
 Security.
 A computer network is mainly of four types by their geographical coverage:
 -LAN(Local Area Network)
 -PAN(Personal Area Network)
 -MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
-WAN(Wide Area Network)

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  LAN(Local Area Network)
 A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices
connected together in one physical location, such as a
building, office, or home.
LAN stands for local area network. A network is a group of
two or more connected computers, and a LAN is a network
contained within a small geographic area, usually within the
same building. Home WiFi networks and small business
networks are common examples of LANs.

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Prep by Bilisa Sh.
  Personal area network (PAN)
 A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network
for interconnecting electronic devices within an
individual person's workspace. A PAN provides data
transmission among devices such as computers, smart
phones, tablets and personal digital assistants.
One of the most common real-world examples of a PAN
is the connection between a Bluetooth earpiece and a
Smartphone. PANs can also connect laptops, tablets,
printers, keyboards, and other computerized devices.

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  Features of PAN :
 Low cost, little or No infrastructure
setup.
 Short range communication.
 Small personal network , use anywhere.
 Wide range of devices.
 Low power consumption.
 No complex connectivity.
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Prep by Bilisa Sh.
  There are two types of Personal Area Network

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 Wireless Personal Area Network: is developed by simply using
wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth. It is a low range network.
 Wired Personal Area Network: is created by using the USB and
Network cable.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic
area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.
Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private
industries.
In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone
exchange line.
The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM,
ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
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 It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).


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 Uses Of Metropolitan Area Network:
MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city.
It can be used in an Airline Reservation.
It can be used in a college within a city.
 It can also be used for communication in the military.
 WAN (Wide Area Network)
 A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large
geographical area such as states or countries.
 A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.
 A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans
over a large geographical area through a telephone line, fibre optic cable
or satellite links.
 The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education.

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Prep by Bilisa Sh.
 Advantages of Wide Area Network:
Following are the advantages of the Wide Area Network:
Geographical area: A Wide Area Network provides a large geographical
area. Suppose if the branch of our office is in a different city then we can
connect with them through WAN. The internet provides a leased line
through which we can connect with another branch.
Centralized data: In case of WAN network, data is centralized. Therefore,
we do not need to buy the emails, files or back up servers.
Get updated files: Software companies work on the live server. Therefore,
the programmers get the updated files within seconds.
Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages are transmitted fast.
The web application like Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype allows you to
communicate with friends.

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 Sharing of software and resources: In WAN network,
we can share the software and other resources like a hard
drive, RAM.
Global business: We can do the business over the internet
globally.
High bandwidth: If we use the leased lines for our
company then this gives the high bandwidth. The high
bandwidth increases the data transfer rate which in turn
increases the productivity of our company.

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 Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:
The following are the disadvantages of the Wide Area Network:
Security issue: A WAN network has more security issues as compared to
LAN and MAN network as all the technologies are combined together that
creates the security problem.
Needs Firewall & antivirus software: The data is transferred on the
internet which can be changed or hacked by the hackers, so the firewall
needs to be used. Some people can inject the virus in our system so
antivirus is needed to protect from such a virus.
High Setup cost: An installation cost of the WAN network is high as it
involves the purchasing of routers, switches.
Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so fixing the problem is
difficult.

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 Category of computer Network by its Functional Relationship:

Peer-to-Peer Networking:
Client-Server Network
 Peer-to-Peer Networking:
 In peer-to-peer (P2P) networking, a group of computers are linked
together with equal permissions and responsibilities for processing
data. Unlike traditional client-server networking, no devices in a
P2P network are designated solely to serve or to receive data.
In a peer-to-peer network, computers on the network are equal, with each
workstation providing access to resources and data. This is a simple type of
network where computers are able to communicate with one another and
share what is on or attached to their computer with other users.

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 The primary goal of peer-to-peer networks is to share resources
and help computers and devices work collaboratively, provide
specific services, or execute specific tasks. As mentioned earlier,
P2P is used to share all kinds of computing resources such as
processing power, network bandwidth, or disk storage space.
Other key uses of a P2P network include: File sharing: The use of
P2P in file sharing is extremely convenient for businesses. P2P
networking can also save you money with this feature because it
eliminates the need to use another intermediate server to transfer
your file.
Peer-to-Peer computer network is a network that relies on
computing power at the edges of a connection, there is no
hierarchy among the computers.

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 Advantages
Much easier to set up than a client-server network - does not need specialist knowledge
Less initial capital no need for a dedicated server
No need for system administration (administrator)
Disadvantages
Ensuring that viruses are not introduced to the network is the responsibility of each individual
user
Decentralized no central repository for the files and application.
Security does not provide the security available on a client/server network.
Client-Server Network
In the environment with more than 10 users, a peer to peer network will not adequate. There
need comes to use a dedicated computer which optimized (increase) the service of network to
clients quickly and ensure the security of files. Therefore, there will be one or more server
computers which serve other station (client) computers to optimized network system. A
dedicated computer with software that carries out some task on behalf of users.

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 What is Server?
Server is a dedicated computer that provide resources to Network
users or Client computers.
Advantages of server-based network
Centralized resources and data security are controlled through the
server
Scalability any or all elements can be replaced individually as need
increase.
Flexibility new technology can be easily integrated into system
Interoperability all components (client/network/server) work
together
Accessibility server can be accessed remotely and across multiple
platforms.

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 Disadvantages of server-Based computer networks
Expensive requires initial investment in dedicated server
Maintenance large networks will require a staff to ensure
efficient operations
Dependence- when a server goes down, operations will cease
across the network.
Server may fail- incase the server failed, the entire network
goes down

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 Types of Server:
- File and Printer server
- Mail server
- Communication server
- Directory service server
- Application server
- Fax server
 - Backup Server

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 Network Topology
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a
communication network. Network topology can be used to
define or describe the arrangement of various types of
telecommunication networks, including command and control
radio networks, industrial field busses and computer networks.
Network topology is the topological structure of a network and
may be depicted physically or logically.
The term topology, or more specifically, network topology,
refers to the arrangement or physical layout of computers,
cables, and other components on the network. Topology is the
standard term that most network professionals use when they
refer to the networks basic design.

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 In addition, the term topology you will find several
other terms that are used to define a networks:
Physical design network diagram/Map
Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
 Hybrid Topology

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 Bus topology
Bus topology is also known as line topology, is a type of
network topology in which all devices in the network are
connected by one central RJ-45 network cable or coaxial
cable. The single cable, where all data is transmitted
between devices, is referred to as the bus, backbone, or
trunk.
An example of bus topology is connecting two floors
through a single line. Ethernet networks also use a bus
topology. In a bus topology, one computer in the network
works as a server and other computers behave as clients.
The purpose of the server is to exchange data between
client computers.

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Prep by Bilisa Sh.
 It is often referred to as a linear bus because the computers are
connected in a straight line. This is the simplest and most common
method of networking computers.
In a bus topology, all computers are connected to a shared
communication line, called a trunk or a backbone.
The computers are connected to the backbone using T-connectors.
Both ends of the backbone use terminators in order to prevent
reflection of signals.
If the terminator is missing or is deliberately removed, the data
transmissions are disrupted.
There is no central device or any special configuration.

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 Advantages
A bus network is the cheapest of all topologies.
No special configuration is required.
It is easy to install, and no special equipment is
needed for installation.
It needs less cable length than do other topologies.

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 Disadvantages
A break in cable or a missing terminator can
bring down the entire network.
It is not possible to add or remove computers
without disrupting the network.
It is difficult to troubleshoot and administer.
Addition of more computers degrades performance.

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 Star Topology
Star topology is a network topology in which each
network component is physically connected to a
central node such as a router, hub or switch. In a star
topology, the central hub acts like a server and the
connecting nodes act like clients.
A star network is a local area network (LAN) in which
all nodes (workstations or other devices) are directly
connected to a common central Hub or Switch.
Every workstation is indirectly connected to each
other through the central Hub or Switch.

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 Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or
concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub,
switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of
the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This
configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it
can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

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Prep by Bilisa Sh.
 Advantages of a Star Topology
Easy to install and wire.
No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing
devices.
Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
Disadvantages of a Star Topology
Requires more cable length than a linear topology.
If the hub, switch, or concentrator fails, nodes attached are
disabled.
 More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost
of the hubs, etc.

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 Ring topology
Ring topology is a type of network topology in which each
device is connected to two other devices on either side via an
RJ-45 cable or coaxial cable. This forms a circular ring of
connected devices which gives it its name. Data is commonly
transferred in one direction along the ring, known as a
unidirectional ring.
A ring network is a network topology in which each node
connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single
continuous pathway for signals through each node a ring.
Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way
handling every packet.

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Prep by Bilisa Sh.
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 Mesh Topology
A mesh topology is a network setup where each computer
and network device is interconnected with one another. This
topology setup allows for most transmissions to be
distributed even if one of the connections goes down. It is a
topology commonly used for wireless networks.
In a mesh topology, all computers in the network are
connected to every other computer, forming a mesh of
connections and each computer makes a point-to-point
connection to every other computer.

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Prep by Bilisa Sh.
Prep by Bilisa Sh.