JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE

SYSTEM
CRIM 5
 TYPES OF DELINQUENT YOUTH
[Link] – an aggressive youth who resents the authority of anyone who
make an effort to control his behavior.

[Link] – he has internalized his conflicts and preoccupied with his own
feelings.
[Link] – his delinquent at have a cold, brutal, fictious quality for which
the youth feels no humors.
[Link] – he is less identifiable in his character, essentially socialize
law abiding but too happens to be at the wrong place at the wrong time and
becomes involved in some delinquent act not typical of his general behavior.
 STAGES OF DELINQUENCY
[Link]- the child begins with petty larceny between (8 and sometimes
the 12th year.)

[Link] -he or she then move on to shoplifting and vandalism between

(ages 12 to 14.)

[Link] - at age (13 up), there is a substantial increase in variety of

seriousness.

[Link] - at around (15 up), four or more types of crimes are

added.

[Link] - Those who continue on adulthood will progress into more

sophisticated or more violent forms of criminal behavior.
 CLASSIFICATION OF DELINQUENCY
[Link] AGGRESSION - Rejected or abandoned, NO parents to imitate
and become aggressive.

[Link] DELINQUENCY - Membership of fraternities or groups that

advocate bad things.

[Link]-INHIBITED – Group secretly trained to do illegal activities, like marijuana

cultivation.
 DIFFERENT APPROACH TOWARD
DELINQUENCY
[Link] APPROACH
Biogenic views the law-breaker is a person whose misconduct is
the result of faulty biology. The offender is a hereditary defective,
suffers from endocrine imbalance or brain pathology, his or her
body structure and temperament pattern have produced the law
breaking.
 DIFFERENT APPROACH TOWARD
DELINQUENCY
[Link] APPROACH
It tells us that the offender behaves as she or he does in response
to psychological pathology of some kind. The critical casual
factors in delinquency are – personality problems, to which
juvenile misbehavior is presume to be a response.
 DIFFERENT APPROACH TOWARD
DELINQUENCY
[Link] APPROACH
Sociogenic attributes the variations in delinquency pattern to
influence social structures. They account for individual offender
by reference process, which go on in youth gangs, stigmatizing
contacts with social control agencies and other variables of that
time.
 FACTORS AFFECTING JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
Individual Risk Factors
Individual psychological or behavioral risk factors that may
make offending more likely include intelligence,
impulsiveness or the inability to delay gratification,
aggression, empathy, and restlessness.
 FACTORS AFFECTING JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
Family
The family is the first and the basic institution in our society for developing
the child’s potential, in all its many aspects like emotional, intellectual,
moral, and spiritual as well as physical and social. It is within the family that
the child must learn to curb his desires and to accept rules that define the
time, place and circumstances under acceptable ways.

Take Note: Home is referred to as the “cradle of human personality”.

 FACTORS AFFECTING JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
Environment
It is where the child influences after his first highly formative years.
Youth in the community turns to become delinquent with companions.
Youth today accuse those ahead of them for failure to define how to
live both honorably and successfully in a world that is changing too
rapidly for anyone to comprehend. Together they now becomes a
victim of their own environment, their attitudes, dress, taste,
ambitions, behavior are imitated or have been already influence by
those anti-social acts recognized in their environment.
 FACTORS AFFECTING JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
School
A public instrument for training young people. It is more directly
accessible to change through the development of new resources and
policies. And since it is a principal institution for development of a
basic commitment by young people to the goals and values of our
society, it is imperative that it be provided with the resources to
compete with illegitimate attraction for young people’s allegiance.
THREE TYPES OF DELINQUENT GANGS BY
CLOWARD AND OHLIN
[Link] Criminal Gang
Older criminals serve as role models and they teach necessary criminal skills to the
youngsters.
[Link] conflict/violent gang
This gang aims to find reputation for toughness and destructive violence.
[Link] Retreatist Gang
They are known as double failures, thus retreating into a world of sex, drugs, and
alcohol.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Social Disorganization Theory

It was recognized early in twentieth century by sociologist Clifford

Shaw and Henry Mckay. According to social disorganization theory,
disorganized areas cannot exert social control over acting-out youth.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Anomie Theory

Advocated by Emile Durkheim. Breakdown of social orders as results of

loss of standards and values that replaced social cohesion.

A – Absence
Nomos- Laws or standards.
*Anomie- refers to the breakdown of norms.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY
Strain Theory
This theory assume that children are basically good. Only under pressure do
they deviate. Pressure for deviance comes from their having internalized
society’s goals, such as being successful and wanting to achieve them. But
many cannot become successful by conforming to society’s rules. Out of
desperation, they turn to crime.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Differential Oppression Theory

John D. Hewitt and Robert Regoli proposed that much serious juvenile
delinquency is a product of the oppression of children by adults,
particularly within the context of family. The maltreatment of children has
been found to be highly correlated with both serious and moderate
delinquency as well as other problem behaviors. This theory argues that
adult perception of children force youths into socially defined and
controlled inferior roles, including the socially constructed “juvenile
delinquency” role that separates youthful and adult offenders for treatment
and control.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Differential Association Theory

Asserts that criminal behavior is learned primarily within
interpersonal groups and that youths will become delinquent if
definitions they have learned favorable to violating the law exceed
definitions favorable to obeying the law within the group. This theory
was introduced by Edwin Sutherland.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Social Learning Theory

This theory view that behavior is modeled through observation,
either directly through intimate contact with others, or indirectly
through media; interactions that are rewarded are copied, where as
those that are punished are avoided
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Drift Theory (Neutralization Theory)

It proposed that juveniles sense a moral obligation to be bound by the
law. Such a bind between a person and the law remains in place most
of the time.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Labeling Theory (Social Reaction Theory)

Crime is caused by societal reactions to behavior, which include
exposure to the juvenile justice system. Once children are labelled
delinquent, they become delinquent (Tannenbaum, 18938).
THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Social Control Theory

This perspective states that members in society form bonds with other
members in society or institution in society such as parents, pro-social
friends, and churches, schools, teachers, and sports teams. The social
bonds include the ties and affection that develop between children and
key people in their lives; commitment to social norms of behavior and
to succeed in regards to such values as getting good education, a good
job and being successful; involvement in activities; and finally that
most persons are brought up to believe in and respect the law.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Self-derogation Theory
Introduced by Kaplan states that all motivated to maximize our self-
esteem, motivation to conform will be minimized by family, school
and peer interactions that devalue our sense of self, interactions and
behavior may be self-defacing or self-enhancing.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Self-control Theory
Self-control theory suggests that deviance simply results from the
individual’s inability to effectively control his/her impulses. Self-
control theory argues that it is the absence of self-control rather than
the presence of some force or factor such as poverty, anomie,
opportunities for deviance, delinquent peers, exposure to definitions
favorable to deviance, etc. that leads to deviance.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Culture Deviance Theory

Links delinquent acts to the formation of independent
subcultures with a unique set of values that clash with the
main stream culture. This theory argues that children learn
deviant behavior socially through exposure to others and
modeling of others action.
 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY

Rational Choice Theory

They argue in many cases, deviance is a result of highly
calculation of risks and awards. Prospective deviants
weigh their own chance of gain against the risk of getting
caught, and thereby decide a course of action.