BIPIN TRIPATHI KUMAON INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DWARAHAT,
ALMORA,UTTARAKHAND
“ A DETAILED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL USING GEO5 SOFTWARE ”
Under the guidance
Of
Mr. Ritesh Joshi (Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering)
Group Members
1. Abhay Kumar Tamta (190180107001) 6. Meenakshi Nayal (190180107027)
7. Sachin Bisht (190180107041)
2. Amrita Arya (190180107008)
8. Somya Joshi (19180107050)
3. Antriksh Kafola (190180107009)
4. Gayatri Chaubey (190180107018)
5. Kaushal Singh Fonia (190180107021)
CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• SOFTWARE USED
• OBJECTIVE
• METHODOLOGY
• DESIGN STEPS OF RETAINING WALL ON GEO5 SOFTWARE
• STEEL REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
• DESIGN AND ANALYSIS ON GEO5 SOFTWARE
• COST-ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALL
• RESULT/DISCUSSION
• CONCLUSION
• SCOPE OF STUDY
• RECOMMENDED REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
• Retaining walls are crucial structures designed to resist the lateral pressure of soil and retain it at
different elevations.
• Geo5 is a software that specializes in the design and analysis of various types of retaining walls.
It also defines the geometry and properties of the retaining wall, input the soil parameters, and
apply loads and boundary conditions.
• This software incorporates advanced analysis methods and algorithms, allowing users to perform
various types of analyses, including static and seismic analysis, slope stability analysis, and
global stability analysis.
Types of Retaining Wall
• Gravity retaining walls: These walls rely on their weight and mass to resist the pressure of the soil. They
are typically made of concrete or stone.
• Cantilever retaining walls: Cantilever walls are reinforced concrete walls that utilize a structural design
to resist soil pressure.
• Counterfort retaining walls: Counterfort walls are similar to cantilever walls but incorporate additional
vertical concrete members called counterforts.
• Sheet pile walls: Sheet pile walls are constructed using interlocking steel or concrete sheets driven
vertically into the ground. They are commonly used in areas with limited space or where deep excavation
is required.
• Anchored retaining walls: Anchored walls are designed to withstand high lateral pressures by utilizing
tensioned anchors or cables.
• Gabion walls: Gabion walls are constructed by filling wire mesh containers (gabions) with stones or other
granular materials.
Parts of Retaining Wall
SOFTWARE USED
Geo5 software could be used for:
Analysis of stability
Design of excavation
Design of retaining wall
( Reinforcement design )
Design of foundation
Analysis of soil settlement
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the basic properties of soil.
To analyze different shapes of retaining wall individually with fixed depth conditions
with the help of geo-5 software.
To determine structural stability of different shapes of retaining wall.
To determine steel reinforcement detailing.
To finalize structurally stable and economical section of retaining wall by use of
geo5 software.
To determine quantity & cost estimation of different sections of retaining wall.
METHODOLOGY
Identification of Finalization of strength
Understanding of Soil
location parameters of soil
Investigation Report
parameters
Analysis of Counter fort Analysis of Cantilever Analysis of Gravity
wall Retaining wall Retaining wall
Finalization of Retaining
Analysis of Retaining wall on
wall on the basis of structural
the basis of structural stability
it’s sectional economical
conditions
conditions
TEST & OBSERVATION ON SOIL SAMPLE
DESIGN STEPS OF RETAINING WALL ON GEO-5 SOFTWARE
Click to choose Geometry
Choose material
Input depth parameter
Defining soil parameters
Assigning soil profile
Choosing terrain above retaining wall
Defining water table depth
Assigning surcharge
Defining Front force
Geometry analysis and verification
Verification of soil stability below foundation
Reinforcement Detailing
Step 1: in the frame “settings” click on “select” and then choose analysis setting nr. 3 – “standard -EN 1997 –
DA1”.
FIG. SELECTION OF IS CODE
Step 2: in the frame “geometry” choose the wall shape and enter its dimensions.
FIG. FRAME “GEOMETRY’’
Step 3: In the frame “material” enter the material of the wall.
FIG. FRAME “MATERIAL” – INPUT OF MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STRUCTURE
Step 4: Define the parameters of soil by clicking “add” in the frame “soils”. Wall stem is normally analyzed
for pressure at rest. For pressure at rest analysis, select “cohesionless”.
FIG. DIALOG WINDOW “ADD NEW SOILS”
Step 5: In the frame “terrain” choose the horizontal terrain shape.
FIG. FRAME “TERRAIN
Step 6: Define “surcharge”. Here, select permanent and strip surcharge on the terrain acting as a dead load.
FIG. DIALOG WINDOW “NEW SURCHARGE”
Step 7: In the frame “FF resistance” select the terrain shape in front of the wall and then define other
parameters of resistance on the front face.
FIG. FRAME “FF RESISTANCE”
Step 8: In the frame “stage settings” choose the type of design situation. In this case, it will be permanent. Also choose the
pressure acting on the wall.
FIG. FRAME “STAGE SETTINGS”
Step 9: Open up the frame “verification”, where you analyze the results of overturning and slip of the
cantilever wall.
FIG. FRAMES “VERIFICATION”
Step 10: Allowable bearing capacity for different soils
FIG. ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL (SOURCE - GOOGLE IMAGES)
Step 11: Selecting frame ‘bearing capacity’ to check for soil bearing stability under retaining wall slab
Step 12: Selecting frame ‘stability’ to analyze soil failure plane
STEEL REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
DESIGN & ANALYSIS ON GEO-5 SOFTWARE
By observing soil condition of greater noida and calculating the structural parameters, design
the various section of the retaining wall and check their stability on GEO-5 software.
1. GRAVITY WALL RESULTS-
FIG. SLIP & OVERTURNING CONDITION
REMARKS- THE SECTION IS STABLE FOR OVERTURNING FAILURE BUT FAILS IN SLIP
CONDITION.
2. CANTILEVER SECTION- RESULTS
FIG. SLIP & OVERTURNING CONDITION
REMARKS- THE SECTION IS STABLE FOR OVERTURNING FAILURE BUT FAILS IN
SLIP CONDITION
3. CANTILEVER WITH T-SECTION
FIG. OVERTURNING & SLIP CONDITION
FIG. SOIL BEARING CONDITION
REMARKS - THIS SECTION IS SAFE FOR ALL FAILURES BUT SECTION SIZE IS GOOD ENOUGH
4. COUNTERFORT SECTION- RESULT
FIG. OVERTURNING & SLIP CONDITION
FIG. BEARING CAPACITY CONDITION
REMARKS-THIS SECTION IS SAFE FOR ALL FAILURES BUT SECTION SIZE IS VERY
LARGE
COST-ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALL
By DSR vol-1 CPWD 2021,
a) OPC cement-grade 43 - rs. 5000 per ton = rs. 250 per bag
b) Steel cost- for <12mm dia - rs 4850 per quintol
c) Coarse sand [zone III] - rs. 1500 cum
d) Sand derived from RCA - rs. 741 cum
e) Stone aggregate with 12.5mm nominal size – rs. 1350 cum
f) Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) - rs. 957 cum
For cost efficiency, we are using :-
1. Sand – Rs. 1310 cum [75% coarse sand [zone III] & 25% sand derived from RCA]
2. Coarse aggregate - rs1250 cum [75% stone aggregate & 25% RCA]
Current market rate of opc grade-43 = rs. 450 per bag (so we will be using this cost for estimation)
TOTAL COST OF T-CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL IS RS 77, 91,227.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
In this chapter the results of the study are presented and discussed with reference to the aim of the
study. Based on soil observations, we calculated strength parameters which were required for further
design of retaining wall like average cohesion, average internal friction angle between the depth 0-
14.50m of each bore hole.
S. Remarks
Shape of Retaining Wall Overturning Sliding Bearing
No
Check Check capacity
check
1 Gravity Wall
✔ X X Practically not feasible
2 Cantilever Wall
✔ X X This section fails in
Sliding and Bearing load.
3
Cantilever Wall with ✔ ✔ ✔ It shows stability and having
T-Section
good cross
sectional area.
4 Counterfort Wall It shows stability but
✔ ✔ ✔
having large cross sectional
area.
CONCLUSION
The soil type of greater noida was found to be ML-CL by conducting various tests on soil sample. We
calculated average strength parameters (cohesion , internal friction angle) required for further designing of wall
on geo-5 software
Based on stability checks for different section of wall, we found that cantilever with t-section and counterforts
are good for further designing.
But, the cross section of counterfort retaining wall was very larger as compare to cantilever retaining wall-
provided t section.
After quantity & cost estimation, we also found that the cantilever provided with t section was less costlier then
the counterfort retaining wall.
So, after designing, analysis and cost estimation , it is concluded that for the specified soil condition of greater
noida, the cantilever retaining wall provided with a t-section for upto 10m height not only makes the wall
structurally efficient but also economically feasible
SCOPE OF STUDY
● Geo5 software aims to minimize the cost of construction and hence providing an economical
section for the design purposes.
● It also helps us to minimize the manual calculation error in the design steps and gives the
accurate output result.
● It also provides the fastest and safest design of the structure.
● It adds up the feature to check the variance in result of the structure by replacing it’s one
element from any other element.
● (Ex- reinforcing bars, anchor bars, concrete blocks etc)
REFERENCES
● SATYANARAYANA, P.V.V., PRADEEP, N. AND VARMA, N.S.C., 2013 A study on the performance of
pond ash in place of sand and red soil as a subgrade and fill material. International journal of engineering
and advanced technology (IJEAT) ISSN, pp.2249-8958.
● YASH CHALIAWALA, GUNVANT SOLANKI, ANUJ K. CHANDIWALA, Comparative study of
cantilever and counter fort retaining wall”, international journal of advanced engineering and research
development, vol. 2, dec. 2015, pp. 221-224
• NIMBALKAR SANTOSH , BORLE S.T. , MUNGSAE SAGAR & KALE SATISH (2016) Conducted a
study on hazardous land slide in india , malin land slide.
