GRAMMAR
Adjectives and Prepositions
VOCABULARY
From Reading Passage 1
3
INNOVATION
/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/
(noun)
[uncountable] the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something
Ex: an age of technological innovation
The company is very interested in product design and innovation.
4
DEVISED
/dɪˈvaɪz/
(verb)
to invent something new or a new way of doing something
Ex: A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city.
5
DECIDED
/dɪˈsaɪd/
(verb)
to think carefully about the different possibilities that are available and choose one
of them
Ex: It's up to you to decide.
6
CONCENTRATE
/ˈkɑːnsntreɪt/
(verb)
[intransitive, transitive] to give all your attention to something and not think about
anything else
Ex: I can't concentrate with all that noise going on.
7
CONTRACT
/ˈkɑːntrækt/
(noun)
an official written agreement
Ex: All employees have a written contract of employment.
8
SALARY
/ˈsæləri/
(noun)
(plural salaries)
money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional
employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month
Ex: an annual salary of $40 000
9
ALLOW
/əˈlaʊ/
(verb)
to let somebody/something do something; to let something happen or be done
Ex: He allowed his mind to wander.
10
RETAIN
/rɪˈteɪn/
(verb)
to keep something; to continue to have something
Ex: to retain your independence
Presentation title 11
ACCESS
/ˈækses/
(noun)
the opportunity or right to use something or to see somebody/something
Ex: High-speed internet access has become a necessity
Presentation title 12
INTELLECTUAL
/ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/
(adjective)
[usually before noun] connected with or using a person’s ability to think in a
logical way and understand things
Ex: Gifted children typically show great intellectual curiosity and a wide
range of interests.
13
CAPITAL
/ˈkæpɪtl/
(noun)
[uncountable] wealth or property that is owned by a business or a person and
can be invested or used to start a business
Ex: share/investment/equity capital
14
OTHERWISE
/ˈʌðərwaɪz/
(adverb)
used to state what the result would be if something did not happen or if the
situation were different
Ex: My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the
trip.
15
ADJECTIVES AND
PREPOSITIONS
Some adjectives go with certain prepositions. There are no grammatical rules for
which preposition is used with which adjective, so it's a good idea to try to learn them
together.
However, there are some patterns that can help you. Let's look at them first.
Remember that a preposition is followed by a noun or a gerund (-ing form).
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“AT”
We use at with adjectives
like good/bad/amazing/brilliant/terrible, etc. to talk about
skills and abilities.
HE'S REALLY GOOD SHE'S AMAZING THEY'RE TERRIBLE I'M NOT VERY GOOD
AT ENGLISH. AT THE PIANO. AT ORGANIZING AT DRAWING.
ANYTHING.
17
“ABOUT”
We often use about with adjectives of feelings
like angry/excited/happy/nervous/sad/stressed/worried,
etc. to explain what is causing that feeling.
I'M ANGRY ABOUT THE HE'S NERVOUS SHE'S EXCITED THEY WERE WORRIED
DECISION. ABOUT THE ABOUT THE NEW JOB. ABOUT THE EXAM.
PRESENTATION.
18
“OF”
However, sometimes we use of with feelings.
SHE WAS AFRAID I'M FRIGHTENED HE'S SCARED YOU SHOULD
OF TELLING HER MUM. OF HAVING AN OF FLYING. BE PROUD OF YOUR
ACCIDENT. PROGRESS.
19
“TO”
We can use to to show the connection between people or things.
We can also use to to talk about someone's behaviour towards
someone else.
HE'S MARRIED TO THE I'M ALLERGIC THEY WERE HE IS ALWAYS POLITE
DIRECTOR. TO NUTS. REALLY FRIENDLY TO EVERYONE.
TO ME.
I'M ADDICTED TO MY IT'S SIMILAR TO THE SHE WAS VERY RUDE
PHONE. OLD ONE. WAS HE NICE TO THE WAITRESS.
TO YOU?.
20
“FOR”
We use for when we talk about purposes/state
reasons/refer to an exchange
EXERCISE IS GOOD STRESS IS BAD THE TOWN IS FAMOUS I'M RESPONSIBLE
FOR YOU. FOR YOU. FOR ITS CHEESE. FOR THE FINANCIAL
SIDE OF THE
BUSINESS.
21
“IN”
We use for when something is located inside of a defined
space
SHE'S INTERESTED THEY WANT SOMEONE I DIDN'T WANT TO
IN THE PROJECT. WHO'S EXPERIENCED GET INVOLVED IN THE
IN DESIGN. ARGUMENT.
QUIZ
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