COMPUTER
GRAPHICS
USING GRAPH PAPER
ON COMPUTER
Pixel
COMPUTER GRAPHICS (C.G.)
DEFINITION:
It is an art of drawing pictures , lines, charts
etc. on computer screen by using
programming languages
PIXEL
Short form of the picture
element.
It is also called a point or
dot.
It is the smallest picture unit
accepted by display devices.
2. PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
• Used to generate reports
Examples : Bar charts, line graphs, pie charts,
time charts.
[Link] ART
Used in fine art &
commercial art
Includes artist’s
paintbrush programs,
paint packages, CAD,
packages and animation
packages
Examples : Cartoon
drawing, paintings,
product
advertisements,logo
design
7. IMAGE PROCESSING
Image Processing – applies techniques to modify or
interpret existing pictures such as photographs and TV
scans
To Improve picture quality
Image Compression
Video Processing
Image resizing
8. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES
Major component –
Window manager
(multiple-window areas)
To make a particular
window active, click in
that window (using an
interactive pointing
device)
Interfaces display –
menus & icons
TYPES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS(C.G.)
NON INTERACTIVE C.G. INTERACTIVE C.G.
Passive Two way communication
When user does not between user and
have any control over computer
the image User can change the
Example: Screensaver structure or appearance
of image by using i/p
devices
Example: Video game
COMPONENT OF INTERACTIVE C.G.
Input devices(e.g. keyboard, mouse, joystick)
Display devices(e.g. color monitor)
Interface devices(video I/O ,TV interface)
DISPLAY DEVICES
The display device is an output device used to represent the
information in the form of images (visual form)
Display systems are mostly called a video monitor or Video
display unit (VDU)..
There are some display devices given below:
Cathode-Ray Tube(CRT)
Color CRT Monitor
Liquid crystal display(LCD)
Light Emitting Diode(LED)
Direct View Storage Tubes(DVST)
Plasma Display
3D Display
CATHODE RAY TUBE(C.R.T.)
It is a technology which is used in traditional computer
monitor and television.
C.R.T. CONT…
THE OPERATION OF CRT
The electron gun emits a beam of electrons cathode rays.
The electron beam passes through focusing and
deflection systems that direct it towards specified
positions on the phosphor-coated screen.
When the beam hits the screen, the phosphor emits a
small spot of light at each position contacted by the
electron beam.
It redraws the picture by directing the electron beam
back over the same screen points quickly.
It is called “Refreshing” CRT
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF VIDEO
DISPLAY DEVICES
PERSISTENCE:
It decides how long phosphor continue to emit light after
the electron beam is removed.
Persistence is defined as the time it takes the emitted
light from the screen to decay to one-tenth of its original
intensity.
RESOLUTION:
Resolution indicates the maximum number of points that
can be displayed without overlap on the CRT.
It is defined as the number of points per centimetre that
can be plotted horizontally and vertically.
ASPECT RATIO:
It is the ratio of vertical points to horizontal points to
produce equal length lines in both directions on the
screen.
An aspect ratio of 4/5 means that a vertical line plotted
with four points has the same length as a horizontal line
plotted with five points.
RASTER SCAN DISPLAY
The Raster Scan is a scanning
technique in graphics monitor
where the electron beam is moved
along the screen covering one line
at a time from top to bottom.
The beam intensity is set at high
and low levels as the beam
sweeps around the screen to
generate a pattern of illuminated
spots.
The raster scan system can store
information of each pixel
position, so it is suitable for
realistic display of objects. Raster
Scan provides a refresh rate of 60
to 80 frames per second.
RASTER SCAN DISPLAY CONT...
Frame Buffer is also known as
Raster or bit map.
In Frame Buffer the positions are
called picture elements or pixels.
Beam refreshing is of two types.
First is horizontal retracing and
second is vertical retracing. When
the beam starts from the top left
corner and reaches the bottom right
scale, it will again return to the top
left side called at vertical retrace.
Then it will again more
horizontally from top to bottom
call as horizontal retracing shown
in
Televisions in our house are based
on Raster Scan Method.
TYPES OF SCANNING
Interlaced Scanning
Non-Interlaced Scanning
RASTER SCAN DISPLAY CONT...
Advantages:
Realistic image
Million Different colors to be generated
Shadow Scenes are possible.
Disadvantages:
Low Resolution
RANDOM SCAN DISPLAY
Random Scan System
uses an electron beam
which operates like a
pencil to create a line
image on the CRT screen.
The picture is
constructed out of a
sequence of straight-line
segments.
RANDOM SCAN DISPLAY CONT....
Picture definition is stored as a set of line-drawing
commands in an area of memory referred to as
the refresh display file.
To display a specified picture, the system cycles through
the set of commands in the display file, drawing each
component line in turn.
After all the line-drawing commands are processed, the
system cycles back to the first line command in the list.
After drawing the picture. The system cycles back to the
first line and design all the lines of the image 30 to 60
time each second.
RANDOM SCAN DISPLAY CONT....
Advantages:
A CRT has the electron beam directed only to the parts
of the screen where an image is to be drawn.
Produce smooth line drawings.
High Resolution
Disadvantages:
Random-Scan monitors cannot display realistic shades
scenes.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RANDOM AND
RASTER SCAN DISPLAY
