SALALE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
DETERMINANT OF IMPROVED SORGHUM SEED VARIETY ADOPTION
IN CASE OF MORETNA JIRU WOREDA, NORTH SHEWA ZONE,
AMHARA REGION ETHIOPIA

BY; LEMAWORK BEKE ID NO 1231/13

Advisor: Bogale.B (MSc)

MAY: 2024
Fiche Ethiopia
SORGHUM
Presentetion Out Line
Introduction

Conceptual Framework
Research Methdology
Result And Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendation
[Link]
Background the Study

 Sorghum is one of the main staple crops for the world’s poorest and food
insecure people.
 It is the second major crop (after maize) across all ecologies in Africa and is
one of the main staples for people in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA).
 Although technology adoption remains one of the most researched areas in
agricultural economics, very few studies have looked at the adoption of
improved sorghum varieties.
Statement of the Problem

 Variations in productivity are a function of differences in scale of operation,

production technology, operating environment and operating efficiency
(Fried et al. 2008).
 For smallholder farmers, variations in productivity due to differences in
adoption may be affected by various regional and farm specific socio-
economic factors.
 Several studies have measured adoption and its determinants among
different types of farmers and countries.
Statement of the Problem cont.…
 However, in these studies is usually relative, and tends to be specific to the farmer
group and country under study.
 Ethiopia is a Centre of diversity for sorghum and approximately a million hectares
are sown to sorghum, making it the third most important crop.
 Ethiopian farmers have shaped and managed this genetic diversity, and continue to
maintain a wide array of sorghum types on their farm.
 In the study area most of the farmers are using the traditional seed for sorghum
production.
 Due to this the researcher motivated to determine the factors that affect the
adoption of improved sorghum seed variety.
Objective The Study

 General objective
 The general objectives of the study was to analyzed the determinants of
improved Sorghum seed variety adoption in case moretna jiru woreda.
 The specific objectives:

 To identify the determinants of adoption of sorghum seed varies among

sorghum farmers.
 To differentiate those farmers who adopt and non-adopt of the sorghum
seed.
 Research question

1. What are the determinants of adopting sorghum production in moretna

jiru woreda?
2. How to differentiate those farmers who adopt and none adopt sorghum
seed in moretna jiru woreda.
Significance of the Study
 Sorghum is closely linked to food and livelihood security for farmers.

 In Ethiopia, approximately a million hectares are sown to sorghum,

making it the third most important crop.

 Ethiopian farmers have shaped and managed this genetic diversity, and

continue to maintain a wide array of sorghum types on their farms.

 This study can be able to enable the farmer’s adaptability of improved

sorghum varieties and also increase sorghum productivity in the study

area.
 These interventions include breeding, distribution of improved HYSVs

that are pest and disease tolerant.

[Link] Framework

Institutional factor

- Access to credit

Demographic factor

Population growth factors Factor of improved

 sex, age, and
sorghum seed
farm exprienes
 Land Size
verities adoption
 Labor Birds and Pests factor

Economic factor

 Income
 Use of fertilizer
 Total livestock
3. RESEARCH METHDOLGY
Description of the study area

 Moret and jiru woreda is one of the districts in North shewa zone, Amhara
Regional state of Ethiopia.
 Moretena Jiru Woreda is found about 195 kilometers from Addis Ababa.

 The total population of the district is 114,007 of whom 53,994 are men and
60,013 are women .
 Wheat, Teff, maize and sorghum are important cash crop in this district.

 Sorghum is the third major crop in the district next to teff and maize.
Type and source of data collection

 Both primary and secondary data sources used.

 The primary data was collected from sample of respondents and key
informants.
 The secondary data was collected from experts (natural resource
expert), books, statistical reports and official documents.
Sampling Technique and Sample Size
 A multi-stage sampling method was used here.

 First Moret and jiru woreda was selected purposively.

 In the second stag from the total of 21 rural kebeles 13 kebeles were
producer of sorghum and 8 Kebeles with no or little sorghum production.
 Thirdly from these 3 kebele was selected from the 13 sorghum producing
kebeles.
 In the forth stage, sample of households from this kebele was selected for
the interview.
Sampling Technique and Sample Size cont.…

Methods of data collection

 For Primary data

Key Informant Interview

 The data was gathered by interviewing some agricultural officials and

farmers.

Scheduled interview
 To collect relevant data from the selected samples a questionnaire (schedule
interview) which consist both open and closed ended questions was applied.
Methods of data collection cont.…
 For Secondary data
 Secondary data was collected using reviewing and careful; examination of
documents, research reports, published and unpublished writings, different
journals, internet websites etc.
 It was also collected from agricultural and land office, and governmental
bodies concerned for the sectors.
Methods of Data Processing and Analysis

 Logit regression model analysis method was used to analyze the data.
 Also, descriptive statistical summaries was computed to describe the data
set.

 Descriptive Statistics
 Descriptive statistics focusing on frequencies, means and percentages was
used to summarize the farmers‟ adoption behavior.
 This method establishes or explores relationships between variables i.e.
how each variable influences the other.
Definition of the Variables
 Dependent Variables
 Adoption of Improved sorghum seed is the dependent variable. It is a
dummy variable, 0 for non-adopter and 1 for the adopter.

 Independent Variables
 Independent Variables
Variables Uints Types

Sex oh Household (SEXHH) 1 male , 0 female Dummy

Household Head’s age (HHAGE) year Continous
Family size (FAMSIZE) number Continous
Farmer's Experience (FARMEXP) Continous

Total Annual Income (TOANIN) ethio,birr Continous

Land Holding size (LANDHOLD) hectare Continous

Labor use(LU) 1 yse ,0 no Dummy

Number of Livestock (TLU) number Continous

Credit Access (CREDITACC) 1 yse ,0 no Dummy

Bird effect (BIRD EFFC) 1 yse ,0 no Dummy

[Link] AND DISCUSSION
Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistic Result For Continous variables

Adopters(N=32) Non adopters(N=28)

Mean Std Mean Std
HHAGE 47.38 6.89 49.28 7.06
FRMEXP 20 8.4 18.18 9.46
TLU 3.43 1.61 2.11 1.4
FAMSIZE 6.94 2.18 5.1 2.26
LANDHOLD) 2.45 1.685 2.39 1.546
TOANIN 25825.75 160.7 14218.75 119.242
 Above the table 4.1 the average age of adopters and non-adopters of

sorghum varieties were 47.38 and 49.28 years. respectively.

 The tandard devetion ages of adopters and non-adopters of sorghum
varieties were 6.89 and 7.06 respectively.
 The mean and stand deviation of adopter respondents and non-adopter for

the farm experiences are 20 and 18.8 ,8.4 and 9.46 respectively.
 And also the mean of adopters and non-adopters of sorghum varieties for

total livestock are 3.43 and 1.4 respectively.

 The annual average farm income earned by sample adopters and non-

adopters of sorghum varieties was Birr 25825.71 and Birr 14218.7500,

respectively
Table 4.2 Descriptive Statistic Result For Dummy variables

 sex of the respondents

Adopter(32) Non-adopter

Frequency % Frequency %

Female 13 41.6 18 50.4

Male 19 58.4 10 49.6

 Table 4.2 shows that respondents were also asked whether they had been used
credit or not to adopt.
 The data indicated that 58.4% the respondents were female and 50.4 percent of
the respondents were male. This shows more male were more adopters than
female.
cont.

Fertilizer Frequency Percent

Not use fertilizer 22 36.7

Use fertilizer 38 63.3

Total 60 100

Pest (bird) effect of respondents

No bird aff 34 56.7
Have bird affect 26 43.3
Total 60 100
 conti...
 The response which is presented in table 4.2 shows that 36.7 percent of the
respondents were not used fertilizer and the remaining 63.3percent were use
fertilizer for their adoption.
 And one of the variables used to discuss the environmental profile of
respondents in this study is the bird affect.
 The distribution of respondents according to bird affect is 56.7% 0f the
respondent where have no bird affect and 43.3% were have bird affects.
cont.

Access to credit Frequency Percent

No credit use 21 35

Credit use 39 65
Total 60 100

Labor use
Not labor use 33 55

Labor use 27 45
Total 60 100
 conti...
 Above the table show that 35% the respondents were not use credit and 65%

percent of the respondents were used credit.

 This shows more access of credit users were more adopters than less credit

users.
 And also 55 percent of the respondents were not used labor. And the

remaining 45 percent were use labor.

 This means if they were use more labor they were adopt more. But if they

were useless labor they were not adopt.

Econometric Results
LR chi2(9)=42.45 Prob>chi2=0.000 Pseudo=0.78 N=60

Adoption Coef- Odds Ratio Std. Err. z P>|z|

AGEHH -0.534 .9479553 .0446423 -1.13 0.256

SEXHH -0.779 .459 .05643 1.532 0.216

TOANIN 0.0131 1.101021 .0000119 1.76 0.078***
FERTUSE 1.988 .1372913 .133573 2.04 0.041**
FAMSIZE 1.137 3.114586 1.081008 3.27 0.001*
FARMEXP 0.073 1.076 .1687063 6.763 0.009*
LABORUSE 1.109 3.03199 2.951431 1.14 0.254
BIRDS -2.291 .1010929 .1019193 -2.27 0.023 **
LANDHOLD 1.877 6.539438 6.536984 1.88 0.060***
TLU 0.133 .876 15.060 1.76 0.002*

CREDITACC -1.028 .359058 .3469497 -1.06 0.289

Cons- -6.194 .0020412 .0073041 -1.73 0.083
 conti...
 Above the table *, **and ***shows significantat 1%,5% and
10%respectivily.
 The most important factors that affect the adoption of sorghum seed varieties

are fertilizer, farm experiences, total number livestock bird affect and family
size.
 Less significant variables are total income and land size.
 Conclusions and Recommendation
Conclusions
 Adoption of sorghum is affected by different factors.

 The main findings of the study are the following:

 Adopters of sorghum seed were younger than the non-adopters. Adopters had

larger average family size than the non-adopters ,they had better average annual
total income than the non-adopters.
 Adopters had higher average total income than the non-adopters.

 Adopters of sorghum seed were more experienced in use and application of

commercial fertilizers than the Non-adopters.

 Results of the model show that the family size, farm expriences,fertilizer,lands

size,income,total livestock and bird affect with development agents explain large
percent of the variation in the extent of adoption of sorghum seed.
Recommendations
 To increased total income of farmers, there is a need to improve the
existing infrastructure through among others, constructing storage
facilities, building rural roads, establishing farmers’ saving, credit
access should be increased.
 The government should reduce the price of the fertilizer in order to
increase the adoption of sorghum.
 The government and the concerned bodies should provide protector
methods to the farmers, which protect the sorghum production from
bird and pests damage.
 The government should formulate the appropriate polices and
strategies of land to distribute equal share of land between farmers.
TH
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