GIS SUBSTATION

Presented by
Rani T R
SE Trainee
INTRODUCTION
LIMITATIONS OF AIS
 Insulation deterioration with ambient conditions
and susceptibility to pollutants.

 Large dimensions due to statutory clearances and

poor dielectric strength of air

 Wastage of space above

CONVENTIONAL
AIS
 Life of steel structures

 Seismic instability

 Large planning & execution time

NEED FOR GIS

 Expansion / up-rating of existing sub

station
 Non availability of sufficient space for sub
station
 Difficult climatic and seismic conditions at
site
 Urban site - high rise building
 High altitudes
 Limitations of AIS
 GIS IN KSEB
 Tendering Activities started during 1990 under World
Bank Project Scheme

 GIS equipment has been received during 1993

 First GIS substation - commissioned during 2004 at

KOZHIKODE
GIS IN KSEB
 GIS substations owned by KSEB

PUTHIYARA KOZHIKODE 2004 March 24

POWER HOUSE TRIVANDRUM 2005 May 31

L A COMPLEX TRIVANDRUM 2005 June 03
FORT KOCHI ERANAKULAM 2007 May 24
MARINE DRIVE ERNAKULAM 2007 Sep 07
KOLLAM 2017 May 23
Gandhi Road KOZHIKODE
GIS – stands for
GAS INSULATED SWITCH GEAR

In a GIS Sub station switch gear part of

the substation are Gas insulated.

These switch gears are otherwise

referred to as - Gas insulated metal
enclosed switch gear.
 SWITCH GEAR

COMBINATION OF THIS THREE FUNCTIONS

SWITCHING PROTECT CONTROLLING

ON/OFF SHORT CKT USING RELAYS &

PROTECTION
CT/PT
SWITCH GEARS

Control Switch Gears – Circuit Breakers,

Isolators etc ..

Protective switch Gears – CT,PT etc..

SULPHUR HEXA FLUORIDE
GAS THEORY

In a GIS sub station - SF6 Gas is used as

switching medium, insulating medium and arc
quenching medium.

SF6 Gas is used for this purpose due to its

excellent electric and chemical properties and
thermal characteristics.
SULPHUR HEXA FLUORIDE
PROPERTIES

Pure SF6 is Non – Toxic, under normal

temperature .
Density - five times heavier than Air.
Color less, tasteless and odorless gas.
Non – flammable.
Electro – negative characteristics. Arc Time
constant superior.
Dielectric strength - 2.5 times higher than
air under same temperature and pressure.
Thermal conductivity is high.
SULPHUR HEXA FLUORIDE
As an Insulating Medium
Minimum specific density of insulating gas
Is 7 kg/ m3 at a temperature of 20 deg c

This is equal to an absolute pressure of

1.15 bar.

The nominal filling density is 9.5 kg/ m3 .

The temperature range of gas system is

Between – 5 deg c and + 60 deg c.

Thus the pressure range is between 1.05And 2.0 bar.

SULPHUR HEXA FLUORIDE
As an insulating gas

Comparison of insulating Materials

SF6 AIR
1 bar 20 deg c 75 kV/cm 1 bar 20 deg c 30 kV/cm

6 bar 20 deg c 375 kV/cm 6 bar 20 deg c 150 kV/cm

SULPHUR HEXA FLUORIDE
As Switching/Arc quenching gas
Minimum specific density for switching gas
Is 46 kg/ m3 at a temperature of 20 deg c

This is equal to an absolute pressure of approximately 6.2

bar.

The nominal filling density is 58 kg/ m3

The temperature range of gas system is

Between – 5 deg c and + 60 deg c.

The Ambient temperature range is between – 5 deg c and +

60 deg c.
Terminology – GIS Equipment

 Enclosure
 Compartment – Termination compartment
- Circuit breaker
compartment
- Bus Bar compartment
 Component - Disconnector
Earth switch
CT, PT
Circuit Breaker
Tridental insulator.. etc
ENCLOSURE

A part of gas – insulated metal enclosed

switch gear retaining the insulating gas under the
prescribed conditions necessary to maintain safely the
rated insulation level ,protecting the equipment
against external influences and providing a high
degree of protection to personnel.
ENCLOSURE
 Up to 170 kV system voltages ,all three phases
Are included in one enclosure.

 Above 170 kV, Three – phase enclosure becomes too

large , hence Single – phase enclosure design is used.

 Shall be of metal ,permanently earthed and capable of

withstanding the normal and transient pressures to which
it is subjected in service.
COMPARTMENT
 Definition
A part of gas insulated Termination compartment
metal enclosed switchgear, top -view
totally enclosed except for the
opening necessary for inter
connection and control.
COMPARTMENT

The Switch gear is made up of different

compartments in which all operating units in a
three phase construction are contained. The
compartments are,
• Termination compartment
• Circuit Breaker compartment
• Bus Bar compartment
 COMPARTMENT
GIS equipment is
divided into three
compartments

3 1 1.TERMINATION
COMPARTMENT

2 2.CIRCUIT BREAKER
COMPARTMENT

3.BUS BAR
COMPARTMENT
CROSS – SECTION OF GIS EQUIPMENT
Termination compartment
CIRCUIT BREAKER
COMPARTMENT

REMOVABLE CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT BREAKER
COMPARTMENT

- Circuit breaker

-Current Transformers

- Inter –connecting Bus sections etc..

CT
BUS BAR COMPARTMENT
Bus – element cross
sectional view
DISCONNECTOR

 These compartments
are interconnected
or electrically
isolated by means
of Disconnectors .
DISCONNECTOR
DISCONNECTOR
DRIVING MECHANISM
EARTH SWITCH
 High speed earthing switch.
 Three phase fault making type.
 The drive mechanism is supplied
by an electric motor and a spring
mechanism, which is provided
with an instantaneous action for
making.
 Three parallel arms with double
contact Knives are mounted on a
900 rotating shaft.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER
 Advantages of GIS
1. Lesser Area and Lesser
Volume
Reduction to 0.06
to 0.16 in Area
compared
with
conventional
substation.
Reduction to 2 –
8% in Volume
compared with
Conventional
substation.
 Advantages of GIS
2. Substation near the Load centre.
3. Reliability very high.
- faults due to external influences are totally
eliminated.
- Encapsulation of components and freedom
from oxidation result in fewer internal faults.
- compact components help achieving better
performance of the sub assemblies and
mechanical failures are thus reduced.
- The energy requirements for operation of
different devices is also reduced sizably.
 Advantages of GIS
4. Maintainability
- The maintenance schedules of gas insulated substations
are expressed in terms of years,
- e g: once in 5 year topping of gas, once in 10 years
inspection of electrical contacts.
- stocks and inventory of spares involving recurring
revenue expenditure are reduced to a bare minimum.
- maintenance operations like regular oiling and
greasing of isolators, earthing switches, disconnectors
are not required.
- Maintenance of joints and jumpers are not required.
Dis advantages of GIS
 Initial cost is very High
 Excessive damage in case of internal fault
 Diagnosis of internal fault and rectifying takes
very long time (high outage time)
 SF6 gas pressure must be monitored in each
compartment
 Reduction in pressure of the SF6 gas in any
module results in flash over and faults.
CONCLUSION
 The choice between GIS and AIS depends largely on the
advantages versus disadvantages of the two equipments.
GIS being compact is the obvious choice of many
utilities because of its many technological advantages
over AIS.
 And though most industry are getting conscious about
global warming issues, until such time SF6 is banned,
like those chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) before for being
identified as greenhouse gas, it is still worthy investment
for a utility upgrade.
 When it comes to financial aspecty of an investment,
overall performance measure, suggest GIS has
significantly edges AIS.
 T H A N K
THANK YOU TH A

U
NK

Y O
YO
THANK YOU U

N KY OU
TH A