EARTH’S
MOTIONS
Module 5
REMINDERS:
• Answers will be flashed on the screen. So, all
must follow through.
• For the concept notes, important details will be
flashed on the screen.
• You must underline it on your modules.
• If there are details not found in your modules &
discussed, from this part onward, write it down
on the module itself as additional concept notes.
Height of the Sun in the
Sky to the Amount of
Energy Received
Lesson 1
What I Know?
T 1. The equator receives 2.5 times more incoming
_____
solar radiation.
T 2. Solar radiation at the poles spreads out more
_____
than on the ground.
F 3. At a lower latitude, the sun will be lower in the
_____
sky and the sun’s rays will strike the ground over a
greater area.
F 4. At a higher latitude, the sun will be higher in
_____
the sky and the sun’s rays will strike at an angle and
spreads out more on the ground.
What I Know?
T 5. The amount of sunlight is spread over a
_____
greater area in the polar regions.
T 6. The amount of sunlight increases as the sun’s
_____
rays make a higher angle with respect to earth’s surface.
F 7. Earth’s revolution causes the alternate change
_____
in the position of the vertical and slanting rays of the
sun.
F 8. The amount of heat energy received at any
_____
location on the globe is a direct effect of sun’s radiant
energy.
Take note of these:
• The amount of sunlight received by earth varies
with the tilt of the axis.
• It is greatest when the sun is directly overhead
above a location and decreases as the sun’s rays
make a lower angle with respect to earth’s
surface.
• The angle of incoming solar radiation influences
seasonal temperatures of location at different
latitudes.
When sunlight shines on
earth at a lower angle, the
energy of the sunlight is
spread over a large area and
is therefore weaker than if
the sun is higher overhead
and the energy is
concentrated on a smaller
area.
Take note of these:
• The amount of heat energy received at any
location on the globe is a DIRECT effect of
sun’s angle on climate, as the angle at which
sunlight strikes earth varies by location, time
of day, and season due to earth’s orbit around
the sun and earth’s rotation around its tilted.
• Sun’s angle used here is with respect to the
ground upon hitting.
Correcting Misconceptions
•MISCONCEPTION: “Heat energy
is NOT received from the sun.”
•CORRECTION: Rather, RADIANT
ENERGY is received and this results
in change in energy level of receiving
bodies in earth’s domain.
What’s More?
1.Where would you
observe the sun directly
above you?
a. when you are at the equator
b. when you are at a higher latitude
What’s More?
1.Where do you think will
it be warmer?
a. when you are at the equator
b. when you are at a higher latitude
Take note of these:
•The air over the
equator will be warmer
than the air over other
parts of the earth.
Lower angle
High (90 degree) angle
Lower angle
What I have Learned?
1.Does the equator receive
more or less direct light
than the poles?
More direct light
What I have Learned?
2. Which hemisphere
receives more direct light in
the picture? Why is this?
South hemisphere because it’s
facing towards the sun.
What I have Learned?
3. Which hemisphere in this
diagram receives more
indirect light? Why is this?
North hemisphere because it’s
tilted away from the sun.
What I have Learned?
4. Why do you think it is
warmer at the equator
than at the poles?
Light hits more directly and only spreads out
a little on the area. Thus, energy focus &
intensity increases.
Latitude of an Area to
the Amount of Energy
the Area Receives
Lesson 2
What I Know?
T 1. There are parts of the earth that receive
_____
vertical rays from the sun.
T 2. Oblique/Slanting rays spread over a greater
_____
surface area and pass through a thick layer of the
atmosphere.
T 3. vertical rays cover a smaller area and travel
_____
through a thinner area of the atmosphere.
T 4. The revolution of the earth causes the vertical
_____
rays of the sun to sweep from the northern hemisphere
to the southern hemisphere and back.
What I Know?
T 5. Earth that are hit by direct sunlight are
_____
therefore warmer than areas that are hit by indirect
sunlight.
F 6. In the summer, the sun is high in the sky and
_____
we receive more indirect sunlight.
F 7. In the winter, the sun is high in the sky and we
_____
receive more direct sunlight.
F 8. When the sun’s rays strike the ground at a high
_____
angle, each square meter of the ground receives a
lesser amount of solar energy.
What I Know?
F 9. When the sun’s rays come in at an oblique
_____
angle, each square meter of the ground will receive a
greater amount of solar energy.
F 10. The highest latitudes get the most energy
_____
from the sun. The lowest latitudes get the least.
Take note of these:
•Latitude dictates how intense
and how long an area is
exposed to the sun.
•The tilt of the earth on its axis
influences the amount of
energy the area receives.
Take note of these:
•Areas hit by DIRECT sunlight gets
warmer than those hit by
INDIRECT sunlight.
•At the equator, the sun’s rays strike
directly and focuses on a small area
so the area is heated more.
Take note of these:
•At the poles, the sun’s rays
strike the surface at a slant
angle.
•So, sunlight is spread over a
wide area and is less focused.
Put these in Mind
•The more focused the sun rays
are, the more energy an area
receives and the warmer it is.
•The less focused the sun rays
are, the less energy an area
receives and the cooler it is.
Put these in Mind
•The tilt of the earth causes different
areas to receive different amounts of
solar energy.
•Places that get more solar energy
have more heat.
•Places that get less solar energy have
less heat.
What’s More
•DIRECT RAYS – rays that hit 90 degrees
angle, vertical or perpendicular to the
ground, high angle & receives greater
solar energy.
•INDIRECT RAYS – at an oblique angle,
receive lesser solar energy, lower angle
& less heating.
Put these in Mind
The seasons change because
the direct rays of the sun
shift from one hemisphere to
the other as the earth goes
around the sun.
What I have Learned
Why is it hotter at the
equator than at the poles?
The sun rays hit the ground at 90
degrees so it receives more direct light
while covering smaller area so it
intensifies the heat.
What I can do?
1. Why do we receive more
direct light in summer?
In summer, our hemisphere is
facing the sun. So, the sun’s
direct rays fall on us at that time.
What I can do?
2. Why is it always warmer
at the equator than at the
north and south poles?
The sun’s rays hitting the ground
directly.
