LINEAR
TRANSFORMATIONS
GROUP MEMBERS
SHIPRA CHOUDHARY 1022125
ANUSHKA DALVI 1022130
DEY RIYANKA 1022134
AARON DSOUZA 1022136
SAMEEP GARUD 1022144
RIYA JADHAV 1022148
INTRODUCTION
CONTEN
MATRIX
T REPRESENTATION
INVERSE
TRANSFORMATION
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTI
ON
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION?
LET'S UNDERSTAND BY
ANSWERING THE 3 QUESTIONS :-
INTRODUCTI WHAT?
ON
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION?
LET'S UNDERSTAND BY
ANSWERING THE 3 QUESTIONS :-
INTRODUCTI WHAT?
ON
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION?
HOW?
LET'S UNDERSTAND BY
ANSWERING THE 3 QUESTIONS :-
INTRODUCTI WHAT?
ON
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION?
HOW?
LET'S UNDERSTAND BY
ANSWERING THE 3 QUESTIONS :-
WHERE?
WHAT?
DEFINITION:-
Linear transformations (also called linear maps or linear operators) between two vector spaces
is a function that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication.
WHAT?
DEFINITION:-
Linear transformations (also called linear maps or linear operators) between two vector spaces
is a function that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication.
Let’s take an example:- Consider there is one Empty bag (T) and two bags (A) & and (B) that
contain some numbers.
T A B
WHAT?
Now if I add the contains of A and B and put in T
A + B = T
OR if I first put the contains of A and then the contains of B in T
AREN'T
THEY
THE
B SAME?
A T
WHAT?
DEFINITION:-
Linear transformations (also called linear maps or linear operators) between two vector spaces
is a function that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication.
Formally, a function T: V→W is a linear transformation if, for any vectors u and v in the
domain V and any scalar c, the following two properties hold:-
• Additivity: T(u + v)=T(u) + T(v)
• Homogeneity: T(cu)=cT(u)
HOW TO IDENTIFY LINEAR
TRANSFORMATION?
LETS TAKE AN
EXAMPLE :-
HOW TO IDENTIFY LINEAR
TRANSFORMATION?
LETS TAKE AN
EXAMPLE :-
LETS TAKE AN OTHER
EXAMPLE :-
LETS TAKE AN OTHER
EXAMPLE :-
MATRIX
REPRESENTATION
Let T: V->W be a linear transformation from vector space V to vector space W.
Let v be a vector in V and w be it’s image under T in W. The linear transformation T can be
represented by a matrix such that:
T(v) = A .v
Here:
• T(v) is the image of v under T.
• A is the matrix representation of T.
• v is the column vector representing to the input of the transformation matrix.
Constructing the Matrix A :
• Basis vectors :-
• Choose a basis for V, say {v1, v2, v3, ...., vn}
• For each basis vector vi, determine it’s image under T, i.e. T(vi) and express it
as linear combinations of basis vectors in W, say {w1, w2, w3, ....., wm}
2.Matrix entities :-
• The columns of A are formed by stacking the coordinates of T(vi) in the basis
{w1, w2, w3, ...., wm}
Some transformations are :
1.Translation :-
• Translation involves shifting of a point by a certain amount in specific direction.
• Consider a point (x,y) to be translated by a factor (a,b) then the transformation
matrix would be
2. Scaling :-
• Scaling involves enlarging or reducing an object a certain factor.
• If you want to scale the objects by factors sx in x-direction and sy in
y-direction then transformation matrix would be
3. Rotation :-
• Rotation involves rotating an object by a certain angle along specific axis.
• If you want to rotate an object by a certain angle ‘x’ the transformation matrix would
be
Kernel and Image of linear transformations :
Let T: V->W be a linear transformation from vector space V to vector space W.
1.Kernel :-
• The kernel of a linear transformation, also known as the null space, is the set of all
vectors in the domain that map to the zero vector in the codomain under the linear
transformation.
• It consists of all v∈V such that t(v)=0.
ker(T)={v∈V: T(v)=0}
2.Image :-
• The image of a linear transformation, also known as the range, is the set of all possible
output vectors obtained by applying the linear transformation to vectors from the
domain.
• It consists of all vectors in W which are equal to T(v) for some v ∈V;
im(T)={T(v ): v∈V}
INVERSE LINEAR TRANSFORMATION
DEFINITION:-
The inverse of a linear transformation is a mapping that undoes the effects of the original
linear transformation. More formally, let T: V→W be a linear transformation between
vector spaces V and W. The inverse of T, denoted as T^−1:W→V, is another linear
transformation such that the composition of T and T^−1 in either order results in the
identity transformation.
The inverse transformation T^−1 of a linear transformation
T: V→W is a mapping from the codomain W back to the domain V.
The conditions for T^−1 to be the inverse of T are:
• Existence: T^−1 exists if and only if T is a bijective (one-to-one and onto) linear transformation.
• Composition Identity: For every vector v in V and w in W, the following equalities hold:
⚬ T^−1(T(v))=v (applying T^−1 after T yields the original vector).
⚬ T(T^−1(w))=w (applying T after T^−1 yields the original vector).
APPLICATION:-
Computer Graphics:
• Explanation:
⚬ Linear transformations play a crucial role in computer graphics for rendering realistic scenes.
⚬ They are used for transformations like translation, scaling, and rotation to position and orient
objects in a 3D space.
• Image Processing:
⚬ Filters and Enhancements: Linear transformations, such as convolution, are used in image
processing to apply filters for tasks like blurring, sharpening, and edge detection. These
operations help enhance or modify digital images.
APPLICATION:-
• Physics and Engineering:
⚬ Coordinate Transformations: Linear transformations are used to convert coordinates from one
reference frame to another in physics and engineering. This is crucial when dealing with
different coordinate systems.
• Machine Learning:
⚬ Feature Engineering: Linear transformations are often applied to features in machine learning to
create new features or transform existing ones. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an
example of a linear transformation used for dimensionality reduction
Conclusion
:
• A function T:V→W is a linear transformation if it satisfies two fundamental properties:
Additivity: T(u+v)=T(u)+T(v) for any vectors u,v in the domain V.
Homogeneity: T(cu)=cT(u) for any scalar c and any vector u in V.
• If a function fails to satisfy either additivity or homogeneity for some vectors or scalars, it is not a
linear transformation.
• Checking these properties is essential when determining whether a given function is a linear
transformation, and it is a fundamental concept in linear algebra.
• Applicable in diverse fields, from computer graphics to machine learning.
• Essential for systematic mathematical problem-solving.
• Crucial for a broad range of mathematical applications.
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FOR
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