Cargo types and
containerization
PAVITHRAN KEVIN
RR
containerization and Shipping: In logistics and
transportation, "packing" often refers to the process of
preparing goods for shipping, including the arrangement of
items within containers, securing them for transit, and
ensuring they are properly loaded.
Packaging in container:
1. Container Loading Types: - FCL (Full Container Load): The entire container is used by a single shipper for their cargo. - LCL (Less
than Container Load): Multiple shippers share a single container, each paying for the space their cargo occupies.
2. Packing Materials: - Carton Packing: Goods are packed in cartons or boxes and then loaded into containers. - Palletized Packing:
Goods are loaded onto pallets, making it easier to handle and secure in the container.
Bulk Packing: Certain commodities, like grains or liquids, are loaded directly into the container without individual packaging.
3. Container Loading Techniques: - Floor Loading: Goods are loaded directly onto the container floor.
Top Loading: Goods are loaded from the top, suitable for items that can handle vertical pressure.
Side Loading: Goods are loaded from the side, suitable for specialized containers with side doors.
4. Secure Packing: - Blocking and Bracing: Securing cargo within the container using braces, blocks, or other methods to prevent
movement. - Dunnage Packing: Using materials like wood or airbags to fill empty spaces and secure cargo.
5. Refrigerated Container Packing: - Reefer Container Packing: Used for transporting goods that require temperature control,
such as perishable items. - Insulated Packing:* Providing additional insulation to protect goods from temperature variations.
6. Dangerous Goods Packing: - Hazardous Materials Packing: Ensuring compliance with regulations for the safe transport of
dangerous goods, including proper labeling and packaging.
7. Container Seals: - Sealing: Placing seals on containers to secure and verify the integrity of the cargo during transportation.
Marking of cargo:
1. Shipping Marks: - Consignee and Consignor Details: Names, addresses, and contact information of the sender
(consignor) and receiver (consignee). - Port of Destination: The final destination port for the shipment.
Country of Origin: The country where the goods were produced or manufactured.
2. Handling Marks: - Fragile: Indicates that the contents are fragile and need careful handling.
This Side Up: Instructs handlers to keep the package in a specific orientation.
Handle with Care: Indicates that the package requires gentle handling.
3. Package Identification: - Package Numbers: Identifying numbers or codes for each package to match with shipping
documents.
Weight: The weight of the package or container.
4. Contents Information: - Description of Goods: A brief description of the items inside the package or container.
Quantity: The number of units or items in the package.
5. Barcode or QR Code: - Scannable Codes:
Barcodes or QR codes may be used for automated
tracking and processing.
6. Special Markings: - Hazardous Materials:
Clearly marked if the cargo contains hazardous
materials, with appropriate hazard symbols.
Perishable: Indicates that the contents are perishable
and need quick transportation.
7. Regulatory Marks: - Customs Information:*
Required markings for customs clearance, such as
country-specific symbols or codes.
Compliance Marks: Marks indicating compliance
with certain standards or regulations.
Dangerous cargo:
1. Explosives: Substances capable of causing an explosion or a significant release of energy.
2. Flammable Liquids and Gases: Substances that can catch fire easily, including gasoline, propane, and
other combustible materials.
3. Toxic Substances: Materials that can cause harm when inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with the skin.
4. Radioactive Materials: Substances emitting ionizing radiation.
5. Corrosive Substances: Materials that can cause damage to living tissues or corrode other materials.
6. Infectious Substances: Biological materials that may contain pathogens and pose a risk of spreading
diseases.
7. Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods: Other materials that may pose risks during transportation, such as
magnetized materials or environmentally hazardous substances.
IMDG Code:
The IMDG Code, or International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, is an international set of guidelines and regulations
developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to ensure the safe transportation of dangerous goods by sea. The code
provides a comprehensive framework for the classification, packaging, labeling, documentation, and transport of dangerous goods
in maritime shipping.
1. Classification: The code categorizes dangerous goods into different classes based on their properties. The classes include
explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing substances, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive materials,
corrosive substances, and miscellaneous dangerous goods.
2. Packaging: The code specifies the packaging requirements for each class of dangerous goods. It includes details about the type
of packaging materials, design, construction, and testing procedures to ensure the safety and integrity of the packaging during
transportation.
3. Marking and Labeling: Clear and standardized marking and labeling requirements are established to identify the nature of the
hazardous materials and provide essential information for safe handling
.4. Documentation: The IMDG Code outlines the required documentation for the transportation of dangerous goods. This includes
a Dangerous Goods Declaration, which provides information about the nature and quantity of the dangerous goods being
transported.
5. Stowage and Segregation: Guidelines are provided for the proper stowage of different classes of dangerous goods on ships to
minimize the risk of accidents or reactions between incompatible substances.
6. Emergency Response: Procedures for dealing with emergencies, such as spills, leaks, or accidents involving dangerous goods,
are outlined to ensure the safety of personnel and the protection of the environment.
THANK YOU!
