2.3.
SERVICE ENTRANCE AND BRANCH CIRCUITS
Contents
2.3.1. Service Entrance
2.3.2. Branch Circuit
2.3.3. Demand(Diversity) Factors
2.3.4. Electrical Drawing
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2.3.3. Demand (Diversity) Factor
Factors to be studied first before electrical installation
plan is designed :
1. Assessment of general characteristics
Before any detailed planning can be carried out, it is necessary to
assess the characteristics of the proposed scheme. This applies
whether the installation is:
-New one
-An extension to an existing one
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-Rewiring an existing building
2. Environmental conditions: Environmental conditions include:
ambient temperature, altitude, presence of water, dust, corrosion,
lighting and wind hazards. With large commercial premises, fire
risks must be allocated.
[Link] maximum current demand: It is necessary to estimate the
maximum current demand. Diversity may be taken into account.
Diversity: The electricity consumed in any residential building is
never hundred percent of the installed capacity.
There may be some electrical points, which remain unused even
during peak load periods (when there is high demand of power).
Some electrical points in the building are installed keeping future
requirements in view and some points are used only during
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For instance in drawing room if there are three
lighting points, two fan points, two five ampere socket
outlets, and one 15 ampere outlet. Let look, which
points, can be used at a time even during peak load
hours.
Electrical Points Installed Utilization
Three lamps points (incandescent) One may not be used
One fluorescent tube May be used
Two fan points One may not be used
Two 5-ampere socket outlet One may not be used
One 15-ampere socket outlet May or may not be used 4
Diversity [Demand] Factors
Type of load DF estimate
1. Lighting Circuits 0.7-0.9
2. Heating loads
2.1. Water Heaters 0.2-0.3
2.2. Ovens/stoves 0.2
2.3. Electric Iron 0.3
3. Motor Loads 0.7-0.9
4. Office equipment 0.3-0.5
5. General purpose socket 0.2-0.5
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Now assuming, some points may be used and some remain
unused.
However, it is applicable for domestic installation only. Some
commercial building or business establishments definitely use
100 % of the installed capacity during peak load hours but
not for 24 hours .
Places where utilization percentage is not applicable while
designing the electrical system for the following:
-For street lighting
-Three phase power wiring for industries
-Power wiring for agricultural sector 6
Generally, diversity is the current, which is likely to
flow in a circuit, compared with the sum of current
ratings of all the current consuming appliances
connected to that load.
The application of diversity has advantages:
reducing size of conductors and associated protective
devices
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4. Maintainability: Consideration must be given the
frequency and to the quality of maintenance that the
installation can reasonably be expected to receive.
It is necessary to ensure as far as possible that all
parts of the installation, which require maintenance,
remain accessible.
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5. Circuit Design: having proposed main requirements of
IEE /EEPCO regulations for Electrical installation, now it is
proposed to go into the more practical aspects of installation
design.
It is necessary to take into account the following procedures:
* Sub - division and number of circuit
* Designed circuit current
* Nominal current of protective device
* Size of cables
* Voltage drop calculation
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Sub - Division and Number of circuits: Even the smallest
installation needs to be divided into number of circuits
because to:
- Divide the load it can be accessibly and safely handled by
the cable and switch gear.
- To take in to account likely untimeliness
Separate circuits must be provided for lighting and power
sufficient socket outlets should be provided to avoid
extension usage as it will load the circuit.
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Design Current: It is sated under cable size selection portion.
I-Using the actual load of lighting and power
1 - Calculate the total designed load
2 - Calculate the expected maximum load
1 - Calculate the total designed load
-Lighting load = rating x number of lamps
- General purpose socket outlet = current rating x voltage rating x
Number of socket outlet
- Specific loads simply add power rating
- Total sum will give the design load
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2 - Calculate the expected maximum load
Since due to diversity there will be expected maximum load. Diversity factor
for different circuits will be as follows:
-For lighting circuits Dive. Factor (DF) = 0.7--- 0.9
- For general purpose sockets DF = 0.3
-For specific loads DF = 1
So expected load will be = Lighting x DF + GPS x DF + specific loads
Ib = Expected load(W) / (V X PF)
PF = Power factor and V= supply voltage
Select size of main circuit breaker and size of main feeder cable
as well as for sub circuits and also check for voltage drop .
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2.3.4. Electrical Drawings:
It includes:
* Electrical plans
* Circuit diagrams
* Required notes
* Legend showing symbols and abbreviations
* Fixture schedule
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Electrical Installation Floor Plans:
The plan shows the location and type of switches ,
sockets , bell points, telephone points , lighting
fixtures and different electrical devices.
It is generally drawn from the floor plan and reflected
ceiling plan.
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Circuit Diagrams:
Includes: The number of circuit and their description
such as cross sectional area and number of cables ,
current rating of circuits ,type of distribution board.
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Necessary notes:
For general purpose socket outlets 5 A each , use 5 to 8
sockets in one circuit if there is more add another circuit
Number of lamps, 8 to 10 lamps each up to 100 w can be in
one lighting circuit. If more number of lamps add another
circuit.
Keep reserve circuit breaker in any distribution board .
Make all external socket outlets weather proof.
Provide three phase supply for main distribution board from
EEPCO line.
Telephone system has its own line , separated from the
electric supply line
TV , tape recorder and other appliances may get power
from general purpose socket outlets.
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Legend showing symbols and abbreviations
The standard symbols used by the electrical contracting
industry are those recommended by the British Standard
BS EN 60617, Graphical Symbols for Electrical Power,
Telecommunications and Electronic Diagrams.
Some of the more common electrical installation
symbols are given in Fig. below .
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Example I : How to design LAYOUT DRAWINGS OR
SITE PLAN for small domestic extension
These are scale drawings based upon the architect’s site plan of
the building and show the positions of the electrical equipment
which is to be installed. The electrical equipment is identified
by a graphical symbol.
The site plan or layout drawing will be drawn to a scale, smaller
than the actual size of the building, so to find the actual
measurements you must measure the distance on the drawing and
then multiply by the scale.
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For example, if the site plan is drawn to a scale of 1:100, then
10mm on the site plan represents 1m measured in the
building.
The architect’s site plan consists the following
sub rooms
1) Store room: contains
mains intake position
one light controlled by a switch at the door.
2) Bathroom: contains
one lighting point controlled by a one way switch at the
door.
3) Kitchen: has two doors and a switch is installed at each
door to control the fluorescent luminaire.
There are also three double sockets situated around the
kitchen. 21
4) Sitting room : has a two-way switch at each door
controlling the Centre lighting point.
Two wall lights with built in switches are to be wired,
one at each side of the window
Two double sockets and one switched socket are also to
be installed in the sitting room.
5) Bedroom: has two lighting points controlled independently by
two one-way switches at the door.
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Layout drawing or site plan for electrical installation.
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