Developmen
t
Ruth S.. Guzman
Board Chair, PATLEPAM and Vice-President for
Research and Extension, Rizal Technological
University,
What is Development?
Development is the accumulation of human
capital and its effective investment in the
progress of an economy.
Development entails improvement in the
quality as well as quantity of life.
Shifts in Development Paradigms
1920’s – 1940’s Economic cum Cultural Progress
Exploitation of natural resources
1940’s – 1960’s Economic Progress
Industrialization as vehicle of econ devt
1950’s – 1970’s Economic Progress cum Rural
Recognition of disparity in income
1970’s Development
Integrated Area Development
Agri-production and geographic equity
1980’s Participatory Development
Reversal of TOP–DOWN approach
1990’s Sustainable Development
For Sustainable Development to happen, the
world of nations agreed to focus all development
initiatives on sustainability of resources.
initiatives
• The Stockholm Convention held 30 years ago.
The whole world agreed on the urgent need to
respond to the problem of environmental
deterioration.
The Road to Rio
• Publication of “Our Common Future” by the UN
World Commission on Environment and Development
in 1987
• Publication of the “Brundtland Report,” a
landmark report establishing the need for sustainable
development in industrialized and developing
countries.
• An “Earth Summit” officially known as the United
Nations Conference on Environment and
Development, was held in June 1992 at Rio de Janeiro
and participated by over 170 states worldwide (114 of
whom were represented by Heads of States of
Governments)
Outcomes of the Earth Summit
• convention on biodiversity;
• framework convention on climate change;
• principles of forest management;
• Agenda 21;
• the Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development
It was agreed that the protection of the
environment, and social and economic development
are fundamental to Sustainable Development
(based on the Rio Principles).
To achieve such development, the global program
Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration to reaffirm
global commitment were adopted.
The Agenda 21 was localized based on the maxim
“Think globally, Act Locally” through our
Philippine Agenda 21.
Monterrey Conference on Finance for
Development
Doha Ministerial Conference which defined
for the world a comprehensive vision for the
future of humanity.
World Summit on Sustainable Development
held at Johannesburg, South Africa from 2-4
September 2002.
What is Sustainable Development?
Development that meets the need
of the present without
compromising the ability of the
future generation to meet their
own needs.
(Brundtland, 1987)
What is Sustainable Development?
- it is the harmonious integration of
a sound and viable economy ;
responsible governance;
social cohesion; and
ecological integrity
to ensure that development is a life-sustaining process.
Sustainable Development = Economic Development
+ Environment Protection
+ Social Reform
+ People’s Empowerment
PEOPLE
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT
Elements / Dimensions of
Sustainable Development
• Political
• Economic
• Institutional
• Technological
• Socio-cultural
• Ecological
Parameters of Sustainable Development
Economic • Maintaining a sustainable population
• Maintaining productivity and
profitability of environment and
natural resources
Ecological • Adopting environmental
management weapons in policy and
decision making
• Protecting the environment and
conserving natural resources
Technological • Promoting proper management of
wastes and residuals
• Adopting environment-friendly
technologies
Parameters of Sustainable Development
Political • Empowering the people
• Maintaining peace and order
Socio-cultural • Promoting resource access and
upholding property rights
• Promoting environmental awareness,
inculcating env ethics and supporting
env management action
Institutional • Improving institutional capacity/
capability to manage sustainable
development
Philippine Agenda 21
1971 “Limits to Growth”
UN Conference on Human Settlements and
1972 Environment
World Commission on Environment and
1983 Development
1987 “Our Common Future”
Philippine Strategies on Sustainable
1989 Development
UN Conference on Environment and
1992 Development
1996 Philippine Agenda 21
What is Philippine Agenda 21 ?
- is our own national agenda for sustainable
development.
- recognizes three key actors in sustainable
development, and their roles in different
realms of society
• The Principles of Unity
• The Action Agenda
• The Implementation Strategies
Key Actors in Sustainable Development
• Government is the key actor in POLITY, which
is concerned with democratic governance and
security of human rights.
• Civil Society is the key actor in CULTURE,
which is concerned with the development of
the social and spiritual capacities of human
beings.
• Business is the key actor in ECONOMY,
which is mainly concerned with producing
goods and services to people.
Business is the key Government is the key
actor in ECONOMY, actor in POLITY, which is
which is mainly concerned with
concerned with democratic governance
producing goods and and security of human
services for people rights.
Sustainable
Development
Civil Society is the key actor
in CULTURE, which is
concerned with the
development of the social
and spiritual capacities of
human beings.
Vision of Philippine Agenda 21
A better quality of life for all, through the
development of a just, moral, creative,
spiritual, economically vibrant, caring,
diverse yet cohesive society characterized
by appropriate productivity, participatory
and democratic processes, and living in
harmony within the limits of the carrying
capacity of nature and the integrity of
creation. (PA 21, Section 1.4, p.12)
Philippine Agenda 21
Sustainable Development Principles
• Primacy of Developing Full Human Potential
This puts man at the center of all development
efforts.
• Holistic Science and Appropriate Technology.
Implies development of appropriate technology to
solve development problems with due
consideration to its impact to society and ecology.
• Cultural, Moral and Spiritual Sensitivity.
Considers the inherent strengths of local and
indigenous knowledge, practices and beliefs, while
respecting cultural diversity, moral standards and
the spiritual nature of the Filipino society.
Key Concepts and Principles of
Sustainable Development
• Operates on the principle of indivisible world.
Environmental problems cross national
boundaries in such phenomena as acid rain
and global warming.
• It does not mean economic stagnation or
giving up economic growth for the sake of the
environment. It should even promote
economic development as a requisite for
maintaining environmental quality.
• SD in agriculture, forestry and the
fisheries sectors involves conservation of
land, water, plant and animal genetic
sources, does not degrade the
environment and is technologically
appropriate, economically viable and
socially acceptable. (ADB, 1991)
• At the level of the individuals and
communities, SD is a process focused on
people and societies – how they define
needs with reference to their own goals
and the goals they share as members of
communities and nations.
• It is in contrast to development that
focused on resource exploitation to
generate short –term wealth.
The Concept of
Sustainable Development
• The concept of SD is an evolving one.
There is no quick and fast rule towards
SD because of its multi-dimensional and
complex nature.
• SD is dynamic and adjusts to the
changing conditions and needs of the
time.
References
Philippine Business for the Environment, et al. Business Strategies for
Sustainable Development: Philippine Business Agenda 21.
Guzman, Ruth and Guzman, Roger. 2000. Environmental Education for
Sustainable Development. Wisdom Advocates Publishing, Q.C. Philippines.
Soriano, Sr. Luz Emmanuel, Claudio, C. and Fansler, L. 1995. Sustainable
Development: A Philippine Perspective. Phoenix Publishing House, Q.C.
Johannesburg Summit 2002. Key Outcomes of the Summit
Johannesburg Summit 2002. Political Declaration.
[Link]
summit_docs /1009wssd_pol...10/14/02
Johannesburg Summit 2002. Press Release of the UN Sec. General
