P_O_ _
It is a form of written and spoken
language .
+ CHARACTE
R
=?
Emphasis on dialogue, character, and stage
direction.
C _ A R _ CT_ R _ _ A T _ O
_
- is the way in which a writer
reveals the personality of a
character.
The where and when of a
stories
C_A__CT_
_
- are the person, animal, being,
creature or thing in a story or drama
C_N_L_
_T
Is a problem that must be solved
P R _ T _ G _ _I
_T
the main character of the
story
+ CHARACTE
R
STOCK
MARKET
=
× + Character
Clue : . Of
It determines who is narrating the
story and how the events and
characters are portrayed.
This is the most intense moment of
the story.
TH_ _E
is the underlying message, or 'big
idea
Her
is a literary technique in which the
reader's attention is drawn to
insignificant details
AC
N TI
O
occurs after the climax and leads to the
resolution of the story.
CHARACTERISTIC
S
OF
P R O S E AND D R A M
Characteristics of Prose and
Drama
Characters and Setting and Point of View Plot
Characterization Conflict
Prose and
Theme The Written
Dramatic
Drama/ Script
Te c h n i q u e
•Prose - is a form of written /spoken language that follows
the natural flow of speech, uses a language's ordinary
grammatical structures, or follows the conventions of
formal academic writing.
Prose is all form of writing and speech which have no
structured meter. Prose does not need to contain any
rhyme or rhythmic language that you would find in poetry.
Prose is organized by grouping complete sentences into
paragraphs. Prose does not contain poetic devices such as
stanzas or couplets and not measured by poetic forms such
as measured lines.
Drama - is the portrayal of fictional or non-fictional events
through the performance of written dialog (either prose or
poetry). Dramas can be performed on stage, on film, or the
radio. Dramas are typically called plays, and their creators are
known as"playwrights" or "dramatists".
1. Drama is meant to be acted on stage. Meant to be performed
rather than read. Emphasis on dialogue, character, and stage
direction.
2. Action is involved in drama. May include elements of music,
dance, art, poetry, and prose.
3. Drama is written in Acts and Scenes. Usually fictional, though
may include nonfiction or be inspired by true stories or historical
events.
Character and
Characterization
Types of Character
Protagonis
t
Flat Antagonist
Character
Round character Stock
Character
Static Character Dynamic
Character
Chracter - are the person, animal, being, creature or thing
in a story or drama
1.
PROTAGONIST
The protagonist is the central person in a
story, and is often referred to as the story's
main character. He or she is faced with a
conflict that must be resolved.
2. ANTAGONIST
The antagonist is the character that represents the
opposition against which the protagonist must contend.
In other words, the antagonist is an obstacle that the
protagonist must overcome.
3.Flat Character
Flat Character -is a one-dimensional
character who isn't layered or deep-rather,
a flat character just has one or two traits
that make up their whole personality.
4. Round Character
Round Characters are major characters who
encounter conflict and are changed by it.
They tend to be more fully developed and
described than flat characters.
5. Stock Character
Stock Character is a character that relies
heavily on cultural types or stereotypes for its
personality, manner of speech, and other
characteristics.
6. Static character
A static character is someone whose
personality remains unchanged throughout the
course of the story, without any transformation
or evolution over time.
7. Dynamic
Character
A dynamic character is a person who
changes over time, usually as a result of
resolving a central conflict or facing a
major crisis.
Characterizatio
n
Characterization
> Characterization is the way in which a writer
reveals the personality of a character.
2 TYPES OF CHARACTERIZATION
> Direct Characterization
> Indirect Characterization
DIRECT
CHARACTERIZATION
When the playwright TELLS the reader or audience
what the personality of the character is.
"He's good-looking, he's strong enough to handle the
work in the mines, and he can hunt. You can tell by
the way the girls whisper about him when he walks
by in school that they want him" .
INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION
> When the playwright { SHOWS } the reader
things that reveal the personality of the character.
Can be described by the S.T.E.A.L. Method.
S - Speech
T - Thoughts
E - Effect on others
A - Action
L - Looks
SETTINGS
AND
CONFLICT
S
SETTINGS
• Setting is the "where and
when" of a story. It is the time
and place during which the
story takes place.
• Setting also includes the
physical landscape, climate,
weather, and the societal and
cultural surroundings that
serve as a backdrop for the
action.
Conflict
Types of External
Conflict
Character Character vs.
vs.Character Nature
Character vs. Society Character vs.
Fate
Types of Internal
Conflict
Character vs. Self
P O I N T OF V I E
W
Point of view (POV)
- in literature refers to the perspective from
which a story is told. It determines who is narrating the
story and how the events and characters are portrayed.
The choice of point of view can significantly impact the
reader's understanding and interpretation of the story.
There are three main types of point of view:
1. First Person POV
2. Second Person POV
3. Third Person POV
1. First Person: In first-person point of view, the
story is narrated by one of the characters using the
pronoun "I." The reader experiences the events
through the eyes and thoughts of this character. This
POV provides a personal and intimate connection with
the narrator, allowing the reader to gain insight into
their emotions, thoughts, and experiences.
Example: "I walked down the street, feeling the
warm sun on my face. I couldn't help but smile as
I saw the colorful flowers blooming in the
garden."
2. Second Person POV: Second-person point of view is
less commonly used in literature but can be found in certain
works, particularly in interactive fiction or choose-your-own-
adventure stories. It addresses the reader directly using the
pronoun "you" and places them in the role of the protagonist.
This POV creates a sense of direct involvement and can make
the reader feel like an active participant in the story.
Example: "You walk down the street, feeling the warm sun on
your face. You can't help but smile as you see the colorful
flowers blooming in the garden."
3. Third Person POV: In third-person point of
view, the story is narrated by an external narrator
who is not a character in the story. The narrator
uses pronouns like "he," "she," or the characters'
names.
Example: "She walked down the street, feeling
the warm sun on her face. Sarah couldn't help but
smile as she saw the colorful flowers blooming in
the garden."
PL OT
THEM E
Theme is the underlying message, or
'big idea'. In other words, what critical
belief about life is the author trying to
convey in the writing of a novel, play,
short story or poem. Identifying and
analyzing the theme is essential for
comprehending the deeper meaning
and purpose of the literary piece.
P R O S E AND D R A M A T
IC
TECHNIQU ES
1. Cliff- Hanger - It occurs when the main
characters are left in a difficult situation, without
offering any resolution of conflicts.
2 . Foreshadowing - Is giving a hint that
something is going to happen. This is done by
showing certain events, people or information that
are an indication of something that will occur later
on in a story.
3. Pathos - which the author directly appeals to
the emotion and imagination of the reader to elicit
sympathy for a character in the story or the
writer's perspective.
4. Plot Twists - occurs when a sudden,
unexpected change happens that has a direct
impact on the outcome of the story.
5.Ticking Clock Scenario - Elicits dramatic
tension by placing a character in a dangerous,
or otherwise intense situation, in which time is
of the essence.
6. Red Herring - is a literary technique in
which the reader's attention is drawn to
insignificant details in order to divert attention
from what is actually occurring in the plot.
THEWRITTEN
DRAMA SCRIPT
The Written Drama/Script - was consists of
dialogue (what the characters say to each
other), stage directions and instructions to the
actors and director.
Dialogue- refers to the conversations and
interactions between the characters. It
includes the words spoken by each character
and provides insight into their thoughts,
emotions, and actions.
Stage directions - are instructions written in the script
that guide the actors and director on how to perform
certain actions or movements on stage. They describe the
physical movements, gestures, and positions of the
characters, as well as the placement of props and set
designs.
Instructions to the actors and director - are additional
notes or guidance provided within the script. These
instructions may include specific directions on how a line
should be delivered, the tone or emotion to be expressed,
or any other relevant information to enhance the
performance.
THE EN D
