Kingdom Animalia
INTRODUCTION
Features
TWO KINGDOM SYSTEM
FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
PROTOZOA PARAZOA Eukaryotes
Multicellular
METAZOA EUMETAZOA
Ingestive
heterotrophs
Formed from 2
dissimilar gametes
Diploblastic: Ectoderm and
Tissue
Endoderm Acoelomate
Organization
Triploblastic: Ectoderm, mesoderm
and Endoderm Pseudo coelomate
Body cavity Coelomate
DEVELOPMENT OF
Radial (Radiata)
COMPLEXITY IN ANIMALS
Body Symmetry
Bilateral (Bilateria)
Cleavage is diagonal to polar axis and
Spiral and Determinate produce unequal cells. Blastomeres fate is foretold
Cleavage
Cleavage are symmetrical to the polar axis and
Radial and Indeterminate
produce tiers of cells on top of each other. Fate not
predetermined
Features Diploblastic Triploblastic
Grade Radiata Bilateria
Symmetry Radial Bilateral
Germinal 2: Ectoderm and 3 layers:
layers Endoderm Ectoderm,
Mesoderm and
Endoderm
Complexity Less High
Mesoglea/ Present Absent
Mesenchym
e
Phylum Cnidaria Platyhelminthes
to Chordates
Grade Radiata Grade Bilateria
A condition or organization in A condition or organization in
which the parts of the body which the parts of the body
are arranged around a central are arranged around a central
axis in such a way that any axis in such a way that an
plane passing through the imaginary line divides
central axis divides the animal organism into two equal parts
in halves that are mirror in one plane
images
No anterior and posterior ends Anterior and posterior ends
No right and left hand sides Right and left hand sides
No dorsal and ventral surfaces Defined dorsal and ventral
surfaces
Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Coelomate
No body cavity or coelom Space between the body wall Cavity present between the
and the digestive tube is called body wall and the alimentary
pseudocoelom canal and is lined by
mesoderm
Mesoderm forms a loose, Develops from the blastocoel Mesoderm splits into outer
cellular tissue called of the embryo and it is parietal layer which under
mesenchyme or parenchyma bounded externally by the lines the body wall and the
which fills the space between muscles and internally by the visceral layer which covers the
the ectoderm and endoderm cuticle of the intestine alimentary canal true coelom
PROTEROSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES
Phylum Aschelminthes Echinodermata,
(nematoda) annelida, hemichordata and
mollusca and chordata
arthropoda
Cleavage Spiral and Radial and
determinate indeterminate
Blastopore Mouth arises from the Mouth is formed at
blastopore or from some distance anterior
its anterior margin to the blastopore and
blastopore forms the
anus
Coelom Coelom or body cavity Coelom is developed
is formed due to as an outpouching of
splitting of mesoderm archenterons
(schizocoelous) (enterocoelous)
Mesoderm Derived from cells on Derived from wall of
anterior lip of developing gut
blastopore (archenteron)
1. The animals belonging to grade radiata are:
A. Platyhelminthes
B. Cnidaria
C. Nematoda
D. Echinodermata
2. A feature present in protostomes:
A. Mesoderm is derived from the wall of developing gut
B. Coelom is formed due to splitting of mesoderm
C. Cleavage is radial and indeterminate
D. Mouth is formed at some distance anterior to the blastopore
3. The pseudocoelom is bounded externally by:
A. Alimentary canal
B. Chitin of intestine
C. Cuticle of intestine
D. Muscles
Porifera Platyhelminthes Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca
Features Coelenterata Aschelminthes Echinodermata
(Sponges) (Flatworms) (3 classes) (4 classes) (6 classes)
Free living and
Habitat Aquatic Aquatic Aquatic and host Host parasites Land, water Land, water Marine
Symmetry Absent Radial Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral
Tissue Triploblastic Triploblastic
Organization Absent Diploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic
Pinacocytes & Polymorphism Metamerically Chitin, Mantle Delicate dermis,
choanocytes, (Polyp, Dorsoventrally segmentation, joints, produce mouth on lower
sponogocoel, Medusae), compressed, gut, blood segmented calcareous side and anus
General Alternation of Mostly parasites, Pointed ends, vessels and body, shell, head,
Characters ostia and Unsegmented on upper
osculum, generation, Unsegmented nerve cord haemocoel, foot and surface, water
regeneration Tentacles, body throughout dorsal mass, vascular system
nematocysts body metamorph radula
osis
Tube Like,
Sac like Branching Sac mouth is
Digestive like, absent in Poorly
system Absent Tube Like overhung by Tube Like Tube Like developed
(Enteron) parasites
prostomium
Features Porifera Coelenterate Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca Echinodermata
Calcareous or Exoskeleton Calcareous
Skeleton siliceous of Calcium Absent Hydrostatic Hydrostatic Exoskeleton Hydrostatic endoskeleton
spicules carbonate
Nerve ring, Paired ganglia
dorsal, ventral, connected to
lateral nerve Simple brain, ventral Three pairs
Nervous Absent, net of Irregular net Network of double nerve of No brain, nerve
or plexus of nerves or ganglia, cords, sensory nerve cords
System neurons papillae cord, interconnec ring
neurons Sense organs and nerves sensory ted ganglia
organs like
eyes and
antennae
Absent, gas Absent, Tracheal Gills,
Respiratory exchange by Diffusion for system, gills mantle No specialized
System Absent Absent Absent general body gaseous and book cavity organs
surface exchange lungs converted
into lungs
Asexual:
Budding Sexual Sexual: Sexes Sexes separate,
Asexual: Asexual: Fission, reproduction, Hermaphrodit separate, Fertilization
Reproductive (Gemmules), budding, Sexes
Sexual: sexes separate, e or Trochophor external,
System Sexual: Sexual: Hermaphrodite larval stage unisexual, separate e larva bippinaria and
Hermaphrodite medusae present trochophore brachiolaria
(Protandrous) larva
Features Porifera Coelenterate Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca Echinodermata
Two No specialized
Excretory Absent, Gastrovascular longitudinally Malpighian Paired organs
system Diffusion cavity Flame cell running excretory Nephridia tubules Nephridia
canals
Open, Open and
Circulatory Absent, colorless closed, Poorly
system Absent Diffusion Absent Absent Absent blood developed
hemocyanin
without Hb
4 bands: 2
dorsolateral & 2 Circular and
Muscular ventrolateral, Present, Tube feet
System Absent Absent Absent Present Present for locomotion
circular muscles longitudinal
absent muscles
Bathing, Food
Reduce Earth worm Silk, honey, source,
Affect cattle and Parasites of a natural carrier
Importance noise Coral reefs humans human buttons, Food source
pollution plough of pathogens ornaments
Enterobius
Sycon, vermicularis, Spider, Fruit Octopus,
Spongill Hydra, Obelia Tape worm Earth worm fly, Mosquito cuttle fish Sea urchin, cake
Examples etc. Planaria etc. and Leech urchin etc.
a etc. Ancylostoma etc. etc.
duodenale
4. Of the followings which one is the recently evolved as
compared to others?
A. Protists
B. Eumetazoa
C. Parazoa
D. Aschelminthes
5. It is absent in Platyhelminthes:
A. Locomotary system
B. Respiratory system
C. Digestive system
D. Nervous system
6. An adaptation for parasitic mode of life in flatworms is:
A. Development of adhesive organs
B. Production of small number of ova
C. Generation of muscular system
D. Evolution of digestive system
SUPER CLASS PISCES: 3 CLASSES
CYCLOSTOMA CHONDRICHTHYES OSTEICHTHYES
Body Form Body is long eel like Fusiform Tapered at both ends
General No paired appendages, Ventral No swim bladder, mouth ventral, Median and paired fins, brain
Characters suctorial mouth olfactory sacs not connected to with 10 pairs of cranial nerves,
mouth cavity nucleated R.B.Cs
Scales Absent Placoid Ganoid, cycloid or ctenoid
scales, Placoid scales absent
Digestive Lacks stomach J shaped stomach Mouth terminal, Jaws with or
system without teeth
Respiratory 6 to 14 pairs of gills 5-7 pairs of gills without Gills supported by bony gill
system operculum arches
Circulatory Heart with one auricle Many pairs of aortic arches 2 chambered heart with 1
system atrium & 1 auricle
Reproductive Sexes separate, fertilization Sexes separate, oviparous or Sexes separate, paired gonads,
system external viviparous fertilization external
Skeleton Cartilaginous Cartilaginous Bony
Examples Lampreys, Hag fish Sharks, sting and electric rays Trout, Perch
FEATURES AMPHIBIANS REPTILES AVES MAMMALS
Double mode of life,
Habitat Water as well as land Land Land Land and Water
Hairs, diaphragm,
Anamniotes, scales
absent, skin smooth, Homeotherms, syrinx is voice external ear, malleus,
General Amniotes, scaly skin,
organ, epidermal exoskeleton incus and stapes, Warm
features chromatophores, cold cold blooded blooded, enucleated
blooded of feathers, scales on legs
R.B.Cs, mammary gland,
Larynx
Body is stream-lined and
Body form varies, spindle shaped with four
Body form with or without Varies divisions, viz; head, neck, Varies
tail trunk and tail
Digestive Muscular gizzard for crushing
---------- --------- food Alimentary canal
system
Gills in the larval
Respiratory stage and by lungs
Lungs have extensions called
system Lungs air sacs Lungs
and skin in the adult
Reproductive Sexes separate, Copulatory organ for Sexes separate, internal Sexes separate, internal
system fertilization external, internal fertilization fertilization, 1 o vary fertilization,
larval stage present functional at one time Viviparous
Skeleton Bony Bony Bony, porous Bony
Excretory No bladder, Urine is semi
system --------- --------- solid Kidneys
3-chambered with
respect to atria and Ventricle incompletely
Circulatory ventricle partitioned except for 4-chambered heart and 4 chambered heart
system sinus crocodile there is only right aorta with left aortic arch
venosus,
truncus arteriosus are
present, double
circulation
Tetrapods, Limbs better Forelimbs into wings and
Locomotion hind limbs for running and Tetrapods
webbed feet developed
perching
Sub-classes --------- --------- --------- 3
Humans, Lions, cats,
Examples Toads, Frogs etc. Snake, Lizard etc. Kingfisher, Crow, Eagle etc. etc.
Prototheria: Egg Laying Mammals
MAMMALS CLASSES Connecting link btw mammals and reptiles, duck bill lives in aquatic environment,
have mammary gland and fur (Mammalian characters), Cloaca and cloacal opening
(Reptilian characters). Examples are Spiny ant eater and Duck bill
Metatheria: Pouched Mammals
Most primitive mammals, rear young ones in marsupium, feeding by mammary
glands.
Examples are Tasmanian wolf and Kangaroo
Eutheria: Placental Mammals
Development of young ones in mother, placenta is established, most developed
group, in some hairs are modified into scales (pangolin) and spines (Porcupine).
Example are man, goat, lion etc.
7. These are anamniotes:
A. Reptiles
B. Amphibians
C. Birds
D. Mammals
8. Presence of_____________ is a reptilian character:
E. Cloaca
F. Fur and Hairs
G.Gizzard
H. Mammary gland
9. Cranium is absent in:
I. Aves
J. Mammals
K. Urochordata
L. Reptiles
Fasciola (liver fluke). Endoparasite of sheep-
occasionally human. Two hosts- snail (secondary) and
sheep or man (Primary). Leaf like live in bile duct.
Attached with suckers
Taenia (Tapeworm). Endoparasite; Primary host
(Human) secondary host (pig or cattle). Ribbon
like, proglottids - contain sex organs,
hermaphrodite. Head called Scolex-hooks and
suckers.
Acyclostoma duodenale: Hook worm. Human small
intestine. Common in North Africa and Europe.
Holds villi, suck blood, leave wound bleeding.
Produce anticoagulent. Causes sever anemia retard
physical and mental grow.
