1.

The tool of investigation which may be

useful in establishing the presence of the
suspect at the crime scene due to physical
evidence discovered therein is _______.
a. Interrogation
b. Interview
c. Information
d. Instrumentation
INTERVIEW- SIMPLE QUESTIONING
“COOPERATIVE”

INTERROGATION- OBTAINING
AN ADMISSION OR CONFESSION
“RELUCTANT”
INFORMATION – “LIFEBLOOD
OF INVESTIGATION”
SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
1. REGULAR SOURCES – RECORDS,
FILES FROM GOVERNMENT OR NON-
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, NEWS ITEMS
2. CULTIVATED SOURCES – INFORMANT
OR INFORMER
3. GRAPEVINES SOURCES –
UNDERWORLD CHARACTERS SUCH US
PRISONERS OR EX CONVICTS
I.R.O.N.I.C FORMAT:

IDENTITY- investigator should identify himself

RAPPORT- get the positive feeling of the subject
OPENING STATEMENT- investigator must have to
indicate why the subject is being contracted
NARRATION – subject should be allowed to tell all he
knows
INQUIRY – time for the investigator to ask question
CONCLUSIONS – close the interview with outmost
courtesy and thanking the subject for his cooperation
Interrogation Techniques
Emotional appeal- Analyze the
subject’s personality and decide what
motivation would prompt him to tell the
truth
Sympathetic appeal-
Gestures of friendship
Kindness- treated in a
kind and friendly manner
Extenuation- investigator indicates
he does not consider his subject’s
indiscretion a grave offense.
Shifting the blame- the interrogator
makes clear his belief that the subject is
obviously not the sort of person who
usually gets mixed up in a crime like this.
Mutt and Jeff- two (2) agents are employed.
 Mutt - relentless
 Jeff - kind-hearted man.
 Custodial investigation:
The questioning of a law enforcement
officer on a person under custody and
otherwise deprived of his freedom or liberty.
Rights of a person during custodial
investigation:
 Informed of his rights
 Remain silent
 To have an attorney or to counsel
 Against torture, force, violence, threat,
intimidation
 Against secret detention
 NOTE:
Any confession or admission
obtained from the person arrested in
violation of these rights are
INADMISSIBLE in evidence
and cannot be used against said person.
 Exclusionary rule:
Excluded from the evidence to be
considered by the court during trial.
Such confession or admission is tainted
“fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine.
INFORMANTS – Voluntary or
in consideration of a reward or
price

1. InformanT – Voluntarily
2. InformeR –Reward or Price
 Types of Informants:
1. Anonymous informant – telephone caller or
letter writer
2. Rival – eliminate rivals or competition
3. False informant – no consequence and
throwing suspicion from himself, to his gang,
or associates.
4. Frightened informant – “Weakest link”
fear
 Types of Informants:
5. Mercenary informant – paid informant
6. Double-crosser informant – give
information in order to get more
7. Legitimate informant – business
8. Woman informant – jilted and jealous
by her criminal lover
 Identification of criminals methods of identifying
criminals:
1. Confession or admission
2. Eyewitnesses
3. Circumstantial evidence
4. Associative evidence
5. Method of operation (Modus Operandi)
Crime scene – place or
territorial area of an incident
 GOLDEN RULE AT CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION:
Never touch, move, or alter any object at the crime
scene unless it has been photographed, measured, and
sketched from any conceivable angle.
 Three bridges in homicide which shall not be
burned:
1. The dead body has been moved
2. The cadaver has been embalmed
3. When the person is burned or cremated
2. What kind of search method wherein the
crime scene is subdivided into areas, a
building into rooms or floors then each of the
fire officer or officers are then assigned
accordingly?
a. Concentric search
b. Sector search
c. Strip search
d. Double strip
 METHODS OF SEARCH:
 Strip or Line Search
 Grid or Double Strip Search
Spiral or Circular Search
 Quadrant/Zone/Sector Search
 Wheel/Pie Search/Concentric
Strip or Line Search- 3 searcher A,B,C
proceed slowly at the same pace along
paths parallel to one side of the
rectangle
Grid or Double Strip Search-
“Modification of the strip search
method” The rectangle is traversed first
parallel to the base then parallel to a side
Quadrant or Zone - one searcher is assigned
to each subdivision of a quadrant, and each
quadrant is cut into another set of quadrants
Spiral or Circular Search- 3
searchers start on the outside and
spiraling in toward the center
Wheel/Pie/Concentric- start on the
center to outside, searchers gather at
the center and proceed outward along
radaii or spokes
 MAJOR TYPES OF PICTORIAL VIEWS:
1. General View
2. Medium View
3. Close - up View
Crime Scene Sketch - crime scene
documentation supplements photographs in a
simplest and most effective manner by way of actual
measurements, identification of important items and
their respective location in the crime scene
 THE GENERAL KINDS OF SKETCH:
Rough Sketch – It is made by the investigator at the crime
scene which is full of important details. But without the scale of
proportion. This is used as the basis for the finished sketch.
Finished Sketch – This is a sketch with a scale of proportion
and drawn by a draftsman.
 TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS:
1. Rectangular coordinates method
2. Triangulation method
3. Baseline method
4. Compass point method
5. Cross projection method
3. Forensic specialists has the duty to
train investigators and crime searchers in
the ____ of evidence.
a. Interpretation
b. Recognition
c. Cataloguing
d. Analysis
4. In order the preserve the integrity of
evidence collected or gathered from the
crime scene, what must be observed?
a. Identify and tag the evidence
b. Maintain the required chain of custody
c. Photograph the evidence
d. Seal the evidence collected
5. The following are some of the
elements of investigative process, except
______?
a. Collection
b. Recognition
c. Preservation
d. Presentation
6. Tagging of physical evidence aside
from the marking should be made _____.
a. At the crime scene upon collection
b. Before receipt by evidence custodian
c. Immediately after receipt by the
evidence custodian
d. In any of these
7. The largest volume of evidence
received by the crime laboratory is in
relation to ______.
a. Murders and homicide
b. Ballistics examination
c. Illegal drugs
d. Falsification of documents
8. What is this photographing of arrested
suspects both full face and side profile?
a. Police Line up
b. Portrait parle
c. Rouges Gallery
d. Mug shot
 Methods of Identification by witness:
1. Verbal description “portrait parley” - physical description
2. Photographic files “rogues gallery” – police collection of
portraits of criminals and suspects
3. General photograph- files of photograph
4. Cartographic sketch- drawing or sketching the description
of a person’s face by the cartographer
5. Police line-up- selecting the suspect from a group of
innocent persons to eliminate the power of suggestions as
factor of identification
9. The unlawful activities of the members
of a highly organized, disciplined
association engaged in supplying illegal
goods and services is ______ crime.
a. Enterprise
b. Economic
c. White collar
d. Organized
An enforcer - who makes for the
arrangements for the killing
A corrupter - who corrupts or bribes,
negotiate or “sweet talks” into a
relationship with public officials
A corruptee - a public officials who can
helps the organization
 Structure of organized crime groups:
1. Bureaucratic/ corporate model- the
corporation, the police, and the military
2. Patrimonial/ patron client - it is a
characteristic of traditional societies
 Parasitic – extort money from illegal
entrepreneurs under a threat of violence
 Reciprocal – require legitimate or
illegal entrepreneurs to pay a fixed or
percentage amount
 Entrepreneurship – provides an illegal
good such as drugs or a service
 Generic type of organized crimes:
1. Political graft- political goals (vote buying)
2. In-group oriented organized crime-
psychological gratification (adolescent gangs)
3. Mercenary/predatory organized crime-
personal gain
4. Syndicated crimes- participates in illicit
activity in society using force, or intimidation
HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZED CRIME
FAMILY:
1. Boss – head of the family
2. Underboss – vice president
3. Consigliere – counselor or adviser
4. Caporegime – serves as buffers
5. Soldati – lowest level members
 Dragon Syndicates “Chinese Triads”
The Triad came from the symbolic
triangle in their flag which indicates the
three (3) elements: The Heaven, The
Earth and the Man
 Wo Sing Wo and 14K
(Hongkong)

Two of the many triads. They are

involved in activities ranging from drug
trafficking to corruption.
 Yakuza – boryokudan or gokudo (Japan)

 Its name was originated from the japanese card game

oicho kabu

 Gambling den, exploitation of women and

prostitutions mostly coming from the Philippines,
Thailand and Taiwan

 Yamaguchi Gomi is the largest family of Yakuza

Nam Cam Gang (VIETNAM)

Known for drug trafficking and one

of the major transit point of drugs in
Laos, Myanmar, China and Taiwan
from Cambodia.
 United Bamboo Gang (TAIWAN)
 Drug trafficking
 Prostitution
 Women and child trafficking
 YAKUZA RITUALS:
1. Yubitsume – finger shortening
2. Irezumi – full body tattoo
3. Pearlings - single pearl is year spent
in prison
4. Oicho kabu – card game
5. Sake sharing ceremony - seal bonds
10. Which of the following is not a known
cause of human trafficking?
a. Immediate benefits of working abroad
b. Weak enforcement of laws and corruption
c. Poverty and family orientation and values
d. Presence of available and ready clientele
11. In terms of organizational structure,
what is the similarity of organized crimes
from military or the police?
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Bureaucratic
d. Patrimonial
12. The organized crime group usually takes
the following three step process of converting
illegal income or proceeds into free cash back
to the hands of the kingpins, except _____
a. Integration
b. Layering
c. Placement
d. Converting
Money Laundering –
from dirty money to clean money
 STAGES OF MONEY LAUNDERING:

1ST STAGE “PLACEMENT”- physical disposal

2ND STAGE “LAYERING”- “heavy soaping”

conversion of cash into monetary instruments and
tangible assets

3RD STAGE “INTEGRATION”- “spin dry” money

back into the economy and financial system
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES-

crimes that have actual or

potential effect across national
borders and intra-State
 Smuggling “trafficking”
Clandestine transportation of goods
or persons past a point where
prohibited, such as out of a building,
into a prison, or across an international
border, in violation of the law or other
rules
 Republic Act 9208:
 Anti-Trafficking in
Persons Act of 2003
 Approved May 26, 2003
 TERRORISM:
 The word Terror derives from the
Latin word terrere, meaning “to
frighten”

 Threatened, force, and violence

 R.A. 9372:
 Human Security Act of 2007
 Approved on March 6, 2007
 Effective on May 15, 2007
 International terrorism- one
or more countries against the interest of
another country

 Domestic Terrorism- within

that country
13. The following are countries belonging to G-7
nations which are mandated to devise international
standards and policies to combat money laundering
except

a. China, South Korea and Russia

b. France, Germany and Italy
c. Japan
d. United Kingdom of Great Britain, United States of
America, and Canada
 The Group of Seven (G-7)
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United
States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.

Intergovernmental organization made up

of the world's largest developed economies
14. Which of the following is not one of the existing
conditions which lend cohesiveness to modern-day
drug trafficking organizations?

a. Corrupt government official and society

indifference
b. Exploiting social and political conditions
c. Vertical integration and alternative sources of
supply
d. Insulation of leaders
15. An Asian organized crime that represent
mystical symbol, and equilateral triangle
representing the heaven, earth and man is _____.

a. Tongs
b. Triad
c. Sputnik
d. Yakuza
16. What type of swab does not need
preparation of sample smear?
a. Anal Swabs
b. Penile Swabs
c. Oral Swabs
d. Vaginal Swabs
17. In torturing a person by hanging to death,
how long the heart continuous to beat?

a. Twenty to thirty minutes

b. Five to ten seconds
c. Three hours
d. Two hours
18. An extra judicial confession obtained from a
suspect is admissible in a court of law if it was
made in the presence of
a counsel of his own choice and must be in:
A. the presence of a fiscal
B. the presence of a police investigator
C. writing
D. front of a judge
19. Fiscals and Prosecutors are under the
control and supervision of the

A. National Bureau of Investigation

B. Department of the Interior and Local
Government
C. Supreme Court
D. Department of Justice
20. The questioning of a person in a formal
and systematic way and is most often used to
question criminal suspects to
determine their probable guilt or innocence.
A. Inquiry
B. Interview
C. polygraph examination
D. interrogation
21. A form of investigation in which the
investigator assume a different and
unofficial identity.
A. Tailing
B. Casing
C. Espionage
D. Undercover work
22. A type of surveillance in which
extreme precautions and actions are
taken in not losing the subject.
A. loose tail
B. casing
C. pony tail
D. close tail
23. A type of shadowing employed when a
general impression of the subject’s habits and
associates is required.

A. loose tail
B. casing
C. pony tail
D. close tail
24. A surveillance activity for the purpose of
waiting the anticipated arrival of a suspect or
observing his actions from a
fixed location.
A. Casing
B. Tailing
C. Stake out
D. Espionage
25. An examination of an individual’s person,
houses, or effects or a building, or premises with
the purpose of
discovering contrabands or personal properties
connected in a crime.
A. Search
B. Raid
C. Investigation
D. Seizure
26. A kind of evidence that tends to prove
additional evidence of a different
character to the same point.
A. Corroborative evidence
B. Circumstantial evidence
C. Direct evidence
D. Real evidence
27. The process of bringing together in a logical
manner all evidence collected during the
investigation and present it
to the prosecutor.
A. case preparation
B. order maintenance
C. crime prevention
D. public service
28. Ways and means are resorted for the
purpose of trapping and capturing the law
breaker during the execution of a
criminal act.
A. Instigation
B. Inducement
C. Buy bust operation
D. Entrapment
29. A special qualification for an
undercover agent.
A. excellent built
B. excellent eyesight
C. excellent looks
D. excellent memory
30. The discreet observation of places, persons
and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining
information concerning the
identities or activities of suspects.
A. close observation
B. espionage
C. tailing
D. surveillance
31. The questioning of a person by law
enforcement officers after that person
has been taken into custody.
A. preliminary investigation
B. interrogation
C. custodial investigation
D. cross examination
32. As a general rule, a warrant of arrest
can be served at
A. day time
B. night time
C. any day and at any time of the day or
night
D. weekdays
33. Measures through which police seek to detect
crimes, or attempts to be present when they are
committed, through the use of the undercover
agents, electronic devices for wiretapping or
bugging, and stakeouts.
A. preventive measures
B. countermeasures
C. pro-active measures
D. tape measures
34. A police activity directed toward the
identification and apprehension of alleged
criminals and the accumulation,
preservation, and presentation of evidence
regarding their alleged crimes.
A. police patrol
B. police intelligence
C. Criminal procedure
D. Criminal investigation
35. An extension or continuation
of the preliminary investigation.
A. initial investigation
B. custodial investigation
C. secondary investigation
D. follow-up investigation
36. Such facts and circumstances that would lead
a reasonably discreet and prudent man to believe
that an offense has been committed and that the
object sought in connection with the offense are
in the place sought to be searched.
A. prima facie evidence
B. probable cause
C. prejudicial question
D. res ipsa loquitur
37. A search warrant shall be valid for
_____ days from its date. Thereafter, it
shall be void.
A. 10
B. 15
C. 30
D. 45
38. It means that a specific crime was
committed at a specified time, date and place,
and that the person named in his
report committed the crime.
A. corpus delicti
B. sufficiency of evidence
C. stare decisis
D. parens patriae
39. Police seek to prevent crime by being present
in places where crimes might be committed and by
alerting citizens to refrain from practices that
make them or their property vulnerable.
A. opportunity denial
B. order maintenance
C. criminal investigation
D. police intelligence
40.A statement of the suspect
directly acknowledging his guilt.
A. Admission
B. Confession
C. Deposition
D. Accusation
41. It may be a self-incriminatory
statement by the subject falling short of
an acknowledgement of guilt.
A. Admission
B. Confession
C. Deposition
D. Accusation
42. The simplest type of interview which concerns
with the gathering of information regarding the
personal circumstances of a person who is the
subject of investigation.
A. background interview
B. personal interview
C. intimate interview
D. pre-game interview
43. It means method of operation.
A. corpus delicti
B. parens patriae
C. stare decisis
D. modus operandi
44. It is one which induces the criminal
to act and need not be shown in order to
obtain conviction.
A. Intent
B. Motive
C. Opportunity
D. Inducement
45. The three tools in criminal investigation,
whereby their application varies in proportion on
their necessity to establish the guilt of the accused
in a criminal case.
A. information, interrogation, instrumentation
B. detection, apprehension, conviction ‘
C. inquiry, observation, conclusion
D. magnifying glass, pencil, tape measure
46. The simple questioning of a
person who is cooperating in the
investigation.
A. Interview
B. Inquiry
C. Interrogation
D. Instrumentation
47. It involves a number of persons who might
have handled evidence between the time of the
commission of the alleged offense and the
disposition of the case, should be kept to a
minimum.
A. chain of command
B. chain of custody
C. evidence tracking
D. tracing evidence
48. A kind of evidence which may link the
suspect to the crime scene or offense.
Examples are fingerprints,
impressions, blood etc.
A. physical evidence
B. associative evidence
C. tracing evidence
D. factual evidence
49. Articles and materials which are found in connection
with an investigation and which help in establishing the
identity of the perpetrator or the circumstances under
which the crime was committed or which in general,
assist in the prosecution of the criminal.
A. physical evidence
B. documentary evidence
C. tracing evidence
D. testimonial evidence
50. The following are different
techniques in interrogation except
one:
A. sympathetic approach
B. emotional appeal
C. financial assistance
D. friendliness