GENERAL GUIDELINES
ADMINISTERING FIRST AID
GETTING STARTED:
• PLANNING OF ACTION
Established based on anticipated needs and
available resources.
- Ex: Getting to know where the first
aid kits are located as well as other
emergency equipment such as fire
extinguishers, fire alarm switches and fire
exits, Also by being aware of the emergency
numbers such as ambulance providers,
hospital emergency room, fire department
and police stations.
GETTING STARTED
• GATHERING OF NEEDED
MATERIALS
Preparation of equipment and personnel.
• INITIAL RESPONSE
(SEQUENCE OF ACTION)
A ASK FOR HELP
I INTERVENE. GIVE APPROPRIATE
INTERVENTIONS
D DO NOT FURTHER HARM
GETTING STARTED
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
Survey the scene
Do a primary survey of the victim
Activate medical assistance/transfer facility
Do a secondary survey of the victim.
• SURVEY THE SCENE
- Is the scene safe? Safe for the
patient and for the rescuer?
- What happened?
- How many people are injured?
- Are there someone who can
help?
- Get consent before giving first
aid care.
Do a primary survey
of the victim
check for vital body
functions:
AIRWAY,
BREATHING AND
CIRCULATION BY
FOLLOWING THE
ABC STEPS
A Airways
Is the victim conscious?
If the victim is conscious, assess
breathing as describes in B.
If the victim is unconscious, start
immediately airway management
(Open the Air way refer to CPR)
B Breathing
Is the victim’s breathing?
If the victim is breathing –
Is it shallow or deep?
Does he appear to be choking?
Is he cyanotic, suggesting poor
oxygenation?
B Breathing
If the victim appears to have difficulty
breathing, immediately support his
breathing (maintain adequate open airway).
If the victim is not breathing – provide
initial ventilation
C Circulation
Is the victim’s heart beating?
If it is, then how it is? (Assess pulse)-
provide other care necessary. If not perform
CPR.
Is he severely bleeding?
Activate medical assistance or transfer
facility.
PERFORM LLF
Look For the rise and fall of chest.
Listen To the sound of air coming from the mouth or nose of
the victim.
Feel The Carotid pulse using your index and middle finger
Do it for 10 seconds
Information to be
remembered in
activating medical
assistance:
What happened
Number of person injured
Extent of injury and first aid
given
The telephone - Person who
activated
number from medical
where you are assistance
must drop the
calling. phone last.
DO THE SECONDARY SURVEY OF THE VICTIM
Interview the victim:
Check the vital signs:
CARDIO-PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
ON ADMINISTERING CPR
• SURVEY THE SCENE
- Is the scene safe? Safe for the
patient and for the rescuer?
- What happened?
- How many people are injured?
- Are there someone who can
help?
- Get consent before giving first
aid care.
PRIMARY SURVEY
C
CONSCIOUSNESS
A
AIRWAYS
B
BREATHING C
CIRCULATION
C CONSCIOUSNESS
A AIRWAYS
B BREATHING
C CIRCULATION
CONDITIONS WHEN CPR IS
NEEDED
• The victim is UNCONSCIOUS.
• PULSE is WEAK or NO PULSE.
• NO BREATHING/ Difficulty in breathing.
Cardiac Arrest caused by Coronary Heart Disease, Respiratory
arrest, Electrocution, Drowning, Choking, and Trauma.
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
• A cycle of chest compression is composed of
30 compressions at rate of 80-100 per minute.
• After a cycle, 2 Rescue breaths are
administered.
RESCUE BREATHS
CPR CYCLES
• 5 Cycles composed of:
CYCLE 1:
- 30 compressions
- 2 rescue breaths
CYCLE 2:
- 30 compressions
- 2 rescue breaths
And so on and so forth until the 5 th cycle.
CPR CYCLES
• Re assess the victim after 5 cycles using the
primary survey.
C A B C
CONSCIOUSNESS AIRWAYS BREATHING CIRCULATION
WHEN TO STOP THE CPR
S Spontaneous signs of circulation restored
T Turned over to medical services or authorized
personnel
O Operator is already exhausted and cannot
continue CPR
P Physician assumes the responsibility
…End of Presentation
