Weir

Prepared by:
Engr. Mark Galang
 Weir
Weirs are overflow structures which are built across an open channel
for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow of fluids.
 1.2 Triangular 1.3 Trapezoidal
2 Types of Weir
According to Crest

1. Sharp Crested Type

Shapes:
1.1 Rectangular

1.1.1 Suppressed 1.1.2 Contracted

2. Broad Crested Type

2.1 Rounded Upstream Corner 2.2 Square Upstream Corner

 Derivation of formula: L 0<h<H

[( ) ]
h 𝐻
2 3
dh H
2 𝑣𝑎
𝑄 𝑡= 𝐿 √ 2 𝑔 h+ 2
3 2𝑔 0
P

[( ) (
2 3
2 1 √2 𝑔
𝑣 𝑎 2 𝑣

( )
𝑄 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑣𝑡
𝐻 𝑄 𝑡 =
𝑣𝑎32
2 𝐿 𝐻 + − 0+
∫ 𝑑𝑄 𝑡 = 𝐿 √ 2 𝑔∫ h+ 𝑑h 2 𝑔
𝑑𝑄 𝑡 = 𝑑𝐴𝑣𝑡 2𝑔

[(
0

) (
2 3
2 𝑛 +1 𝑣𝑎 𝑣
𝑣 𝑡 = √ 2 𝑔𝐻 ∫ 𝑢 =
𝑑𝐴= 𝑑 h 𝐿𝑛 𝑢 𝑄𝑡= +𝐿 √2
𝑐 𝑔 𝐻+ − 2

𝑛 + 13 2𝑔 2

[ ]
𝑑𝑄 𝑡 = 𝑑h 𝐿 √ 2 𝑔𝐻 𝐻

( )
2 3 2
𝑣𝑎 𝑣 𝑎 2
h+ = h𝑣
2𝑔

√
𝑄 𝑡=𝐿 √2 𝑔 2𝑔

( )
2
𝑣𝑎 3
[
𝟑
𝟐
𝑑𝑄 𝑡= 𝑑h 𝐿 2 𝑔 h+ 𝑸𝒕=
2 𝑳 √ 𝟐 𝒈 ( 𝑯 +𝒉𝒗 ) −
𝟐

2𝑔 𝟑 0

𝟐
Note: If not mentioned or H/P is too small, Neglect Velocity of approach 𝑸𝒕= 𝑳 √𝟐
𝟑
Flow rate in Weir
Common practice:
Theoretical Discharge
𝟐 Weir factor
𝑪 √ 𝟐 𝒈 = 𝑪𝒘
[ ]
𝟑 𝟑
𝑸=
𝟐
𝑳 √ 𝟐 𝒈 ( 𝑯 +𝒉𝒗 ) − ( 𝒉 𝒗 )
𝟐 𝟑
𝟐
𝟑
[ ]
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
Actual Discharge 𝑸= 𝑪𝒘𝑳 ( 𝑯 + 𝒉𝒗 ) − ( 𝒉 𝒗 ) 𝟐 𝟐
𝑸= 𝑪𝒘𝑳 𝑯

Francis Formula: 𝑪 𝒘 =𝟏 .𝟖𝟒

𝑸 = 𝑪𝑸𝒕
[ ]
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑸 =𝟏 𝟑 . 𝟖𝟒 𝑳 ( 𝑯 +𝒉𝒗 ) − ( 𝒉 𝒗 ). 𝟖𝟒 𝑳 𝑯
𝑸=𝟏
[ ]
𝟑
𝟐
𝑸= 𝑪 √ 𝟐 𝒈 𝑳 ( 𝑯 + 𝒉𝒗 ) 𝟐
− (𝒉𝒗 ) 𝟐
Note:
𝟑
For contracted Weir:
Neglecting velocity of approach: L = L’-0.1NH
𝟑
𝟐 N = 1 (One end)
𝑸= 𝑪 √𝟐𝒈 𝑳 𝑯 𝟐
N = 2 (two end)
𝟑 L L

Where: L’ L’
L = Weir Length 𝟑
H = overflowing head For example: (Actual discharge of two end contracted weir using Francis ′
𝑸=𝟏 . 𝟖𝟒 ( 𝑳 − 𝟎 .𝟐 𝑯 ) 𝑯 𝟐

formula, neglecting velocity of approach)

Common shapes Weir and their formulas:
Cipolleti Weir: (1H:4V)
Triangular Weir:

𝜃 𝛼 𝜶=𝒕𝒂 𝒏
𝟒
𝟏
−𝟏 ′
()
=𝟕𝟓°𝟓𝟕 𝟓𝟎′ ′
′ ′′
𝜽=𝟗𝟎°−𝟕𝟓°𝟓𝟕 𝟓𝟎 =𝟏𝟒.𝟎𝟒°
𝟑
𝟐 𝟓
𝟓 𝑸=𝟏 𝟖𝟓𝟗 𝑳 𝑯
( )
𝟖 𝜽 . 𝟐
𝑸= 𝑪 √ 𝟐 𝒈 𝐭𝐚𝐧 For =90° 𝑸𝟐=𝟏 . 𝟒
𝑯 𝑯
𝟏𝟓 𝟐
Rounded Upstream Corner Square Upstream Corner
Trapezoidal Weir:

𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
𝟐
𝑸= 𝑪 √ 𝟐 𝒈 𝑳 𝑯 +
𝟑
𝟖
𝟏𝟓
𝑪 √ 𝟐 𝒈 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐 𝜽 𝑸 =𝟏 . 𝟔𝟕
𝟐
𝑯 𝑸 𝑳 𝑯 . 𝟕𝟏
=𝟏
( ) 𝟐 𝟐
 Problem no. 1
A flow of 10.9 m3/s passes over a suppressed weir which
is 4.88 m long. The total depth upstream from the weir
must not exceed 2.44 m. Using Cw = 1.85.
a. Compute the velocity of approach
b. Compute the head of the weir
c. Determine the height to which the crest should be
placed to carry this flow.
[ ]
3 3
2 2
10.9=1.85( 4.88) ( 𝐻 +0.043 ) − ( 0.043 )
a. 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑣
𝐻 =1.097 𝑚
10.9 = ( 2.44 ∗ 4.88 ) 𝑣
c. 𝑑= 𝐻 + 𝑃
𝑣 =0.915 𝑚 / 𝑠
2.44 =1.097 + 𝑃
[ ]
3 3
b. 2 2
𝑄=𝐶𝑤𝐿 ( 𝐻 +h𝑣 ) − ( h 𝑣 )
𝑃 = 1.34 𝑚
2 2
𝑣 0.915
h𝑣= = =0.043 𝑚
2 𝑔 2(9.81)
 Problem no. 2
Determine the discharge of the weir having a head of
0.30 m. in liters per second.
a. If a 90° triangular weir is used.
b. If a trapezoid weir with sides inclined 14.04° with the
vertical and a length of crest 2 m.
c. If a contracted (two end) rectangular sharp crested weir 2
m long is used. 3 3
2 ′
𝑄=1.859
5𝐿𝐻 b. c. 𝑄=1.84 ( 𝐿 − 0.2 𝐻 ) 𝐻 2
2
a. 𝑄 =1.4 𝐻
𝑄=1.859( 2) ¿
5
2
𝑄=1.84 (2 − 0.2 ∗ 0.3) 0.3
3
2

𝑄 =1.4 ( 0.3 ) 3
𝑚
( )
3
𝑚 1000
𝑄 𝐿
=0.611 𝑚
3
𝑄 =0.069 𝑠 𝑄 =0.587
𝑠 1𝑚
3
𝑠
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
𝑄 = 69 𝑄 =611 𝑄 =587
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
 1

Problem no. 3
A Trapezoidal Weir having slope of 1H to 2V discharges 2 𝜃
50 m3/s under a constant head of 2 m. Find the length of
2
the weir assuming C = 0.60.

𝜃
𝜃 1
2 2𝑚 tan =
2 2 2
1

(
3
2 8
50= (0.60) √ 2 ( 9.81 ) 𝐿 ( 2 ) + ( 0.60 ) √ 2 (9.81)
2

𝐿=? 3 15

𝐿= 9.18 𝑚

( )
3 5
2 8 𝜃
𝑄= 𝐶 √ 2 𝑔 𝐿 𝐻 + 𝐶 √ 2 𝑔 tan
2
𝐻 2
3 15 2
Problem no. 4
A V-notch weir is located or cut at one end of a tank
having a horizontal square section 10 m by 10 m. If the
initial head on the weir is 1.20 m and it takes 375
seconds to discharge 100 m3 of water, what could have
been the vertex of the angle in the weir? Use C = 0.60.

h1 1.2
𝐴𝑠 𝑑 h 𝐴 𝑠 𝑑h
𝑡 =∫ 𝑡 =∫ 5
h2 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡0. 2 8
𝐶 √ 2 𝑔 tan
15
𝜃
(2) 𝐻 2
375 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( 𝜽
𝟐 )
h 1 =1.2 𝑚1.2 (10)(10) 𝑑h
𝐴
375=∫
𝑉 = 𝐴h 5
0. 2 8
(0.60) √ 2(9.81) tan
100 =( 10 )(10 ) h
𝜃
𝐻
15
2
(2) ( )
375 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝜽
𝟐
=𝐵
h =1 𝑚 1.2 𝐴
𝐴 𝑑h
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ;
375 = ∫
( )
𝟓
𝜽 𝜽 =𝟏𝟎𝟓 . 𝟏𝟓 °
𝐭𝐚𝐧 0. 2
𝑯 𝟐
𝟐
h 2=1.2− 1= 0.2𝑚