1
FIC SHAHEEN CAMP PESHAWAR
Lecturer: Mr. Inam Ullah
2
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Expresses general truths
The Earth revolves round the sun.
Habits
I walk to work.
News headlines
The foreign minister visits the Prime minister of India.
Simple present referring to past and future:
The ten o’clock news says that it is going to be cold.
The train leaves at eight o’clock tomorrow.
Structure
Positive sentences
Subject + verb ( base form + ‘s’ or ‘es’ with third person
singulars) + complement
I play Volley ball.
He writes a letter.
Ali teaches computer science.
Interrogative sentences
Do/does + subject + verb (base form with all subjects)
+ complement?
Do I write?
Does she sing?
Negative sentences
subject+ do/does +not+ verb ( base form with all
subjects) + complement
He does not teach English.
I do not play cricket.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS TENSE
Uses
Expresses an incomplete action in the present
I am reading a book.
Expresses future action
I am leaving for Karachi next week.
Expresses an action happening right now.
I am opening the door.
Structure
Positive sentences
Subject + is/am/are + verb (-ing form) + complement
i. He is singing a song.
ii. I am learning French.
iii. They are watching television.
Interrogative
sentences
Is/am/are + Subject + verb (-ing form) + complement?
i. Is he writing a letter?
ii. Am I learning Persian?
iii. Are they watching television?
Negative sentences
Subject + is/am/are+ not + verb (-ing form) + complement
i. He is not learning Arabic.
ii. I am not listening to radio.
iii. They are not going to Islamabad.
Present Perfect Tense
USES
Expresses actions that extend from the past to the present moment:
We have lived in London since last September.
(London is where we are living now)
Expresses the present result of an action in the past.
i. He has injured his leg.
(His leg is still injured)
Expresses an action that has just been completed:
i. I have finished my work.
ii. I have worked out the sum.
STRUCTURE
Positive sentences
Subject + has/have + verb (Past participle) + complement
i. I have learned my lesson.
ii. He has completed his work.
Interrogative sentences
Has/have + Subject + verb (Past participle) + complement?
i. Have I learned my lesson?
ii. Has he completed his work?
Negative sentences
Subject + has/have + not + verb (Past participle) + complement
i. I have not learned my lesson.
ii. He has not completed his work.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
USES
Expresses actions that extend from the past to the
present moment that are temporary and with a
possibility of incompleteness:
i. It has been snowing.
ii. We have been eating the dinner.
STRUCTURE
Positive sentences
Subject + has/have + been + verb (-ing form) + complement
i. I have been learning my lesson for two hours.
ii. He has been walking for ten minutes.
…CONTD
Interrogative sentences
Has/have + Subject + been + verb (-ing form) + complement?
i. Have I been learning my lesson for two hours?
ii. Has he been walking for ten minutes?
Negative sentences:
Subject + has/have + not + been + verb (-ing form) + complement
i. I have not been learning my lesson for two days.
ii. He has not been completing his work for a week.
The use of since and for
Since
It is used with the point of time that is from where an event starts.
We have been working since morning.
I have been here since January.
For
It is used with the total time period of an event.
I have been working for two hours.
I have been here for six years
THANK YOU
