Explain Government

Programs and
Initiatives in
Addressing Social
Inequalities
Pre-Test
1. Which of the following government initiatives primarily aims to provide affordable housing to
low-income families?A. Food Stamps Program
B. Head Start Program
C. Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program
D. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
2.The government's "Race to the Top" program focuses on:
A. Reducing income inequality
B. Improving public education
C. Promoting renewable energy
D. Encouraging small business development
3. Which initiative helps to close the achievement gap between low-income and high-income
students by providing additional funding to schools?
A. No Child Left Behind Act
B. Affordable Care Act
C. Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
D. Every Student Succeeds Act
4.The purpose of the "Earned Income Tax Credit" (EITC) is to:
A. Encourage people to work more hours
B. Provide tax relief for high-income earners
C. Reduce the overall tax burden on middle-class families
D. Increase the tax burden on wealthy individuals
5.The "Paycheck Fairness Act" is aimed at:
A. Increasing the minimum wage
B. Promoting equal pay for equal work regardless of gender
C. Expanding access to healthcare for low-income families
D. Encouraging more women to pursue careers in STEM fields
 SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Equality is about making sure that everyone has an equal opportunity to make the most of their
desire to live. It is also the belief that no one should have poorer life chances because of the way
they were born, where they come from, what they believe, or whether they have a disability.

Nonappearance of the said equality of man leads to the inequality. Generation down to
generation’s human race aims for the total equality among individual as well as to the group and
society. Social inequality arises when they are imbalances among individual or group of people.

“Social inequality in education is an enduring feature of the twentieth century. There have been
changes in which social groups are advantaged and disadvantaged, but groups that are
disadvantaged in the larger society are generally—though not always—disadvantaged with
respect to educational achievement and attainment, if not with respect to educational
opportunities. Many societies have implemented changes that make access to education
formally more open to disadvantaged groups, but these changes and reforms have not
succeeded in creating equality of educational outcomes. P. Barnhouse Walters, in International
Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
Living in an unequal society causes stress and status anxiety, which may damage your health. In more equal societies
people live longer, are less likely to be mentally ill or obese and there are lower rates of infant mortality. Social inequality
refers to relational processes in society that have the effect of limiting or harming a group's social status, social class, and
social circle.
The major examples of social inequality include gender inequality, health care, social class. In health care, some individuals
receive better and more professional care compared to others. They are also expected to pay more for these services.
Philippine government recognizes the gender inequalities and trying to solve the problem. And to address these issues
there are some laws to insure the gender equally must be properly addressed. Here are the following proofs that Philippine
government trying to address the said issues:
1. Philippine Law
> R.A. 7610 or also known as Women and Children rights or This Act shall be known as the “Special Protection of Children
Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act.” > The Philippines has finally enacted gender equality legislation after
years of lobbying from female rights campaigners. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the country's Magna Carta of
Women in Manila last week, helping to define gender discrimination and outlining approaches to eliminate it. August 18,
2009 > and other related law passed by our legislature.
2. Allowing Top Government Position to be handle by women
Women nowadays taking top position both in private and government posts, former President Corazon Aquino and Former
President Gloria MacapagalArroyo, not to Former Supreme Court Justice Maria Lourdes Serreno Philippine government
keeps on encouraging more effective dialogue and consultative process and strengthening access to justice remains a
priority. This will help to bridge the cultural divide that gives rise to discrimination and exclusion and will increase the
voice of indigenous people’s decision-making at every level. It will also help to build fair and shared solutions to the
conflicts that emerge over ancestral lands and the use of natural resources.
The Equality of humanity is a long desire of man since the time of memorial. Human race wanted
equal protection, equal rights, equality in wealth and equality of life.
The factors that contribute to social inequality consists of educational attainment, wealth and
poverty, power, and Gender Inequality which lead to social inequality between individuals and
groups of people.
The following are the factors that contribute to social inequality:
1. Educational Attainment
Inequality and Educational Attainment is evidence from many instances. The reality of Rich can get
better education in an easy way but poor hardly get their diploma. Educational inequality is the
unequal distribution of academic resources and still needs policies that encourage educational
attainment for men and women based on merit, rather than gender.
2. Wealth and poverty
Social Inequality brought about by unequal distribution of wealth. The Covid19 pandemic teaches
us the advantages of the upper and the lower class. Evidently the struggles get by middle and lower
class compare to the upper class. There’s a huge different between allocation of wealthy and the
poor in many ways.
3. Power
Power in the context of Social inequality connotes economic, cultural and social positions. Thus,
there’s symbolic with is reputation and certain position in society.
4. Gender Inequality
Acknowledges that men and women are not equal and that gender affects an individual's living experience.
These differences arise from distinctions in biology, psychology, and cultural norms. Some of these distinctions
are empirically grounded while others appear to be socially constructed. Studies show the different lived
experience of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy, personality, interests, family
life, careers, and political affiliations. Gender inequality is experienced differently across different cultures.
• Social Issues in the 21st Century
A social issue in the contemporary times is essential topic when talking about social inequality. Thus,
government programs and initiatives in addressing social inequalities e.g. local, national, global to address
these issues is continues process.
• Local Inequality
Current state of the Indigenous Cultural communities. Ethnic group is involved in the local inequality.
Sometimes, they are less fortunate whose right are violated with rich people. An ascribed status, a form of
organization, a focus of identity and a subculture are the characteristics of an ethnic group.
Institutional completeness is the development of a strong sense of solidarity, an ethnic identity, and ethnic
institutions by an ethnic population.
• National Inequality
Economic and Political current circumstances. Economic policy is a national interest and it gives direction to
the future. If national government fail to do its job effectively and candid way ----- the equilibrium of the rich
and the poor arises much.
Thus, if political policies fail to give national interest for all with consideration of better futures, then
discrimination also take place.
• Global Inequality
International inequality refers to the idea of inequality between countries. This can be compared to global
inequality which is inequality between people across countries. This may refer to economic differences between
countries. As well as medical care and education differences. Inequality does not exist only in societies and states,
but also among states. There are states that are wealthier and more powerful than other states, and the former end
up being more influential in the global community. This leads to a situation of global inequality, where poorer and
less powerful states end up being controlled and influenced the richer and more powerful states
ASSESSMENT