Teaching- Learning Process
Client Education
Client education has become one of the more
important roles for nurses. With shorter
hospital stays, increased demands on nurses
time, and the need to give seriously ill clients
technical information as soon as possible
greater emphasis is given to the importance of
quality client education.
Client Education Standards
• JACHO (1987)- cites two standards r/t client
education:
Education and knowledge of self-care are given
special consideration for patient and family in the
nursing care plan.
Patients who leave the hospital still requiring
nursing care should receive instructions and
individual counseling prior to discharge.
Purposes of Client Teaching
• Maintenance of health and illness prevention
• Restoration of health
• Coping with impaired functioning
Domains of Learning
• Learning behaviors classified by Bloom
(1956). Listed in an ordered hierarchy, simple
to complex: 3 domains:
Cognitive
Affective Learning
Psychomotor Learning
Cognitive Domain
• 1. Acquiring knowledge
• 2. Comprehension
• 3. Analysis
• 4. Synthesis
• 5. Evaluation
Affective Learning
• 1. Receiving
• 2. Responding
• 3. Valuing
• 4. Organizing
• 5. Characterizing
Psychomotor Learning
• 1. Perception
• 2. Set
• 3. Guided Response
• 4. Mechanism
• 5. Complex Overt Response
• 6. Adaptation
• 7. Origination
Basic Learning Principles
• Learning depends upon three conditions:
The readiness to learn
The ability to learn
The learning environment
Readiness to Learn
• 1. Attentional set
• 2. Motivation
• 3. Psychosocial adaptation to illness
• 4. Active participation
Ability to Learn
• 1. Developmental capability
• 2. Age group
• 3. Physical capability
Learning Environment
• Environmental factors must be controlled for
learning to take place including:
Privacy
Temperature
Noise
Lighting
Ventilation
Furniture
Basic Teaching Principles
• 1. Timing
• 2. Organizing teaching material
• 3. Speaking the client’s language
• 4. Maintaining learner attention and
participation
• 5. Building on existing knowledge
• 6. Reinforcing
• 7. Matching teaching methods with
learner’s needs
Teaching and the Nursing Process
• Assess
Learner’s needs, readiness to learn, environment, resources
• Diagnose
Knowledge deficit r/t _________
• Plan
Priorities, learning objectives, timing, method of teaching
• Implement
Various ways to implement: lecture, demo, one-on-one, groups
Document
• Evaluate
Return demonstration, direct observation, question client
