Networking components and
devices
CNE Computer Networks
Faculty of Information Technology
Hanoi University
Terminology
Computer network
Transmission media
Bandwidth: bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps
Network resource: hard (devices) + soft
(software)
Account/password
Servers
Clients
…
Network classification
Type of transmission:
client-server
peer-to-peer
Size of network
LAN (Local Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network ~ Internet)
Network classification
Network topology :
Bus
Star
Ring
NIC (Network card interface):
Ethernet: ~100Mbps, bus topology
Token ring
Fiber optic
Content
1. LANs (Local Area Networks)
2. WAN (Wide Area Network) – Internet
1. Local Area Networks
Local Area Networks, generally called LANs,
are privately-owned networks within a single
building or campus of up to a few kilometers
in size. They are widely used to connect
personal computers and other network
devices in company offices and factories to
share resources (e.g., printers) and exchange
information.
Other name: Intranet
Example
Laptop
PC
Printer
Switch/Hub
Cable
Server Laptop
Gateway
Home networks
ADSL/Fiber optic Modem
PC 2
PC 1
Wi-Fi networks
ADSL Modem
PC 2
PC 1
KTX Network
D4 distribution switch
D6 distribution switch
Access switches Access switches
Guest house
distribution switch
Core switch
Example How far can a
cable span?
Which services are
there in the server?
Laptop
PC
Printer
Switch/Hub
Cable
Server Switch vs. Hub Laptop
Gateway
What are there in a LAN?
PCs
What more?
How to send a message from PC to
Laptop 1?
Laptop 1
PC
Printer
Switch/Hub
Cable
Server Laptop
Gateway
LAN Access Control Methods
Deterministic access (TDMA)
Transmission rights allocated to terminals in
advance. The terminals can send data in the
allocated order.
Nondeterministic access (CSMA/CD)
Transmission rights is carried out at the point of
time when a transmission request is issued.
Conflicts may occur.
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
Data channel is divided in to time slots.
Time slots are allocated to terminals.
Collision does not occur
Waste is large
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection
Terminals monitor whether data is passing on the
cable
Transmission starts when no data is passed
If collision is detected, all terminals will have to
wait a specified time before retransmission
Ethernet
Switch vs. Hub
Hub
Hub takes data from one of the connected
devices and forward it to all the other ports on the
hub.
Switch
Rather than forwarding data to all the connected
ports, a switch forwards data only to the port on
which the destination system is connected.
How far can a cables span?
Category 5: 100 m
Optical fiber: 50 km???
Wireless: 20 m
How did we connect D4 and D5 using Cat 5
cable?
Which services we may need in
LAN?
Web
Email
FTP
DNS
Use of LAN
Resource sharing
Services: WWW, Email…
Client-Server mode
Instant messaging
Client-Server mode
Client-server mode vs. Workstation
Client-server mode
Workstation
How to configure network in PC
Information need to know
IP range (192.168.x.1-253)
Network mask (255.255.255.0)
Gateway (192.168.6.254)
DNS (192.168.100.2)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
How to test the network
Check the IP address:
ipconfig (Windows)/ifconfig (Linux, Mac)
Ping gateway
Ping www.google.com
Ping www.google.com /t
Ping DNS
NIC not found
Cable not connected
No IP address
Looks good
LAN: IP addresses
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255/8 (16,777,216 hosts)
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255/12 (1,048,576
hosts)
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255/16 (65,536
hosts)
HANU Network
Can you discover the network?
nmap
Tracer (Windows)/traceroute(Linux/Mac)
2. Wide Area Networks
A wide area network, or WAN, spans a large
geographical area, often a country or
continent. It contains a collection of hosts.
The hosts are connected by a subnet. The
hosts are owned by the customers (e.g.,
people's personal computers), whereas the
communication subnet is typically owned and
operated by a telephone company or Internet
service provider.
Other name: Internet
Wide Area Networks
WAN Subnet
Moscow router California router
Tokyo router
Beijing router
Hanoi router Hongkong router
How to send a message from PC to
Laptop 1?
Laptop 1
PC
Printer
Switch/Hub
Cable
Server Laptop
Gateway
How to send a message from H1 to H2?
H1
H2
How to test WAN?
Use tracert (Windows) or traceroute (Linux/Mac)
Network in Vietnam
VNIX
VINAREN/TEIN2
ADSL question
You use ADSL modem to dial up and
connect to the Internet. What are LAN, WAN
in this scenario?
Reading
Chapter 1 in textbook
How the internet came to be – Vinton Cerf
