History of
Computer
Shean Orvin P. Balao
Grade 7 - Leibniz
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Agenda
1 2 3
Introduction of Timeline Bibliography
Computer
2 Presentation title 20XX
Computer
A computer is a sophisticated device that
processes data using software instructions. It
accepts input, performs operations, and
produces output through its hardware
components like the CPU, memory, storage,
input, and output devices. Software programs
work with the hardware to enable the
computer to execute tasks and instructions.
3
Program
A computer program is a set of instructions for a
computer to execute. It is written in a programming
language and can be translated into machine
instructions using a compiler or executed directly
through an interpreter.
4
Timeline
Early
Computi Late 21st
20th
ng Century Century
Devices
Early
19th
20th
Century
Century
5 History of Computer 2023
Early
Computing
Device
Abacus
The earliest known calculating device is probably
the abacus. It dates back at least to 1100 BCE and is
still in use today, particularly in Asia. Now, as then, it
typically consists of a rectangular frame with thin
parallel rods strung with beads.
7
Napier’s Bone
In 1614, John Napier devised Napier’s Bones, a
manually operated calculating apparatus. For
calculating, this instrument used 9 separate ivory
strips (bones) marked with numerals to multiply and
divide. It was also the first machine to calculate using
the decimal point system.
8
Pascaline
Pascaline was invented in 1642 by Blaise Pascal, a
French mathematician and philosopher. It is thought
to be the first mechanical and automated calculator.
It was a wooden box with gears and wheels inside.
9
Stepped
Reckoner
Also called as Leibniz Wheel, because in 1673, a
German mathematician-philosopher named
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved on Pascal’s
invention to create this apparatus. It was a digital
mechanical calculator because it used fluted drums
instead of gears.
10
19th
Century
1801 – Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom using
punched cards for automated cloth weaving.
1822 – Charles Babbage invents a steam-powered
calculating machine but fails to build the "Difference
Engine" due to technological limitations.
1848 – Ada Byron writes the world's first computer
program for Babbage's machine, including a tutorial
on computing Bernoulli numbers.
1890 – Herman Hollerith creates punch card
technique for calculating the U.S. census, later
founding IBM.
12
Early 20 th
Century
1930 – Vannevar Bush invents the Differential
Analyzer, the first large-scale mechanical analog
computer.
1936 – Alan Turing conceives the Turing machine, a
universal computing device capable of any computation.
1939 – Hewlett-Packard is founded in a garage in Palo
Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard.
1941 – Konrad Zuse completes the Z3, the world's first
digital computer, destroyed in World War II.
J.V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry develop a computer
capable of solving multiple equations simultaneously,
with primary memory.
14
1945 – John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert create the
ENIAC, the first electronic digital computer.
1946 – The UNIVAC I, the first general-purpose
electronic digital computer for corporate use, is
designed.
1949 – The EDSAC, the "first practical stored-program
computer," is developed at the University of Cambridge.
1950 – Grace Hopper invents COBOL, the first
computer language allowing English-like instructions.
1954 – John Backus creates FORTRAN, a programming
language, and IBM develops the 650 computer.
developed in the C programming language.
15
1958 – The integrated circuit (computer chip) is
invented by Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce.
1962 – Atlas, the fastest computer at the time,
introduces the concept of virtual memory.
1964 – Douglas Engelbart proposes a computer
prototype with a mouse and graphical user interface
(GUI).
1969 – Bell Labs introduces UNIX, an operating
system
16
Late 20
th
Century
1970 - Intel unveils the first DRAM chip, the Intel 1103.
1971 - Alan Shugart and IBM engineers invent the
floppy disk, while Xerox develops the first laser printer.
1973 - Robert Metcalfe creates Ethernet for connecting
computers and devices.
1974 - Personal computers hit the market with models
like Altair Scelbi & Mark-8, IBM 5100, and Radio
Shack’s TRS-80.
1975 - Altair 8800 is touted as the world's first
minicomputer kit. Paul Allen and Bill Gates offer to
build software for it.
18
1976 - Apple Computers is founded by Steve Jobs
and Steve Wozniak, introducing the Apple I.
1977 - Apple announces the Apple II with color
graphics and cassette drive.
1978 - VisiCalc, the first computerized spreadsheet
program, is introduced.
1979 - WordStar, a word processing tool, is released.
1981 - IBM unveils Acorn, their first personal
computer, using MS-DOS.
19
1983 - CD-ROMs and the Gavilan SC, the first portable
laptop, are introduced.
1984 - Apple launches the Macintosh computer.
1985 - Microsoft introduces Windows and the programming
language C++.
1990 - Tim Berners-Lee creates HTML and the World Wide
Web browser.
1993 - Pentium CPUs improve graphics and music on PCs.
1995 - Microsoft releases Windows 95 and Java 1.0.
20
1996 - Sergey Brin and Larry Page create Google
search engine.
1998 - Apple introduces the iMac, an all-in-one
desktop computer.
1999 - Wi-Fi technology is created, enabling wireless
connectivity.
21
21st
Century
2000 - USB flash drives are introduced, offering
faster and larger storage options.
2001 - Apple releases Mac OS X, its successor to the
conventional Mac Operating System.
2003 - AMD launches the Athlon 64, the first 64-bit
CPU for consumer computers.
2004 - Facebook is founded as a social networking
website.
2005 - Google acquires Android, a mobile phone OS
based on Linux.
23
2006 - Apple introduces the MacBook Pro, its first
dual-core, Intel-based mobile computer. Amazon
Web Services, including EC2 and S3, are launched.
2007 - Apple releases the first iPhone,
revolutionizing mobile computing. Amazon
introduces the Kindle e-reader.
2009 - Microsoft launches Windows 7.
2011 - Google introduces the Chromebook, running
Chrome OS.
24
2014 - The University of Michigan creates the Micro
Mote (M3), the world's smallest computer.
2015 - Apple launches the Apple Watch. Microsoft
releases Windows 10.
2016 - The first reprogrammable quantum computer
is built.
25
Bibliography
• Abacus – Brittanica
• Computer - Thecopedia
• Program - Wikipedia
• Early Computing Devices, 19th, 20th, 21st Century - Toppr
26 History of Computer 2023
Thank you!
