SPM 2021 (2)
Diagram 10.1 shows a cooling pad that is used
by a child to reduce the fever. The cooling pad
works
based on is
a) What themeant
principle of thermal
by thermal equilibrium.
equilibrium?
net rate of heat flow /
transfer is zero // Rate of
heat transfer is same //
object same temperature
SPM 2021 (2)
b) Explain how the usage of a cooling
pad 4 marks
can lower the body temperature.
• gel // pad contact forehead //
body // head // Put pad on
forehead
• Heat transfer from forehead to
the pad
• Rate net heat transfer zero /
same rate heat transfer
• Achieve thermal equilibrium
SPM 2021 (2)
c) Diagram 10.2 shows a heating pillow
that is used to relieve the muscle pain.
Table 10 shows four types of heating
pillows A, B, C and D.
Explain the suitability of each
characteristics and determine the most
suitable heating pillow.
Give reason for your choice. 4 marks
CHARACTERISTICS REASONS
Liquid inside the heating Heat easy to transfer through convection
pillow
High Specific heat capacity of Can absorb more heat energy
material
Canvas as material of pillow High heat resistance
case
High boiling point of material slow to evaporate / change in form
CHARACTERISTICS REASONS
Liquid inside the heating Heat easy to transfer through convection
pillow
High Specific heat capacity of Can absorb more heat energy
material
Canvas as material of pillow High heat resistance
case
High boiling point of material slow to evaporate / change in form
The most suitable is heating Liquid inside the heating pillow, high
pillow B. It is because specific heat capacity of material, canvas
material of pillow case and high
boiling point of material
SPM 2021 (2)
d) An electric kettle labelled 240 V, 1
kW is filled with 0.8 kg of water at Q = mcθ √1
temperature of 30 ºC.
[Specific heat capacity of water, Q = (0.8)(4200)(100 – 30)
c = 4200 J kg-1 ºC-1] √2
(i) Calculate the heat energy needed
to raise the temperature of water to Q = 235 200 J // 2.35 x√3
10UNIT!
5
100 ºC.
J
3 marks
SPM 2021 (2)
d) An electric kettle labelled 240 V, 1
kW is filled with 0.8 kg of water at Q = Pt
temperature of 30 ºC.
[Specific heat capacity of water,
c = 4200 J kg-1 ºC-1]
t= = √
(ii) Calculate the time required for 1
the water to boil. t = 235.2 s √2 UNIT!
2 marks
