Defensive Driving
Safety
OBJECTIVES
Identify driving hazards
Understand defensive driving
techniques
Use defensive driving techniques to
prevent accidents and injuries on the
road
Expectations
• Participate
• Ask questions
• Share your experiences
• Avoid distractions
• Cell phones
• Unnecessary noise
• Going in and out of the room
• What causes a traffic accident?
BRAIN STORM!!.
– Vehicle
– Situation
– Traffic
– Driver
– Passenger's
– Environment
VEHICLE
SAFETY PROGRAM
Arrive Alive!
Driving Safety Statistics
– Someone is injured
every 18 seconds
– Over 2 million injuries
annually are disabling
– A person dies in a
crash every 11 minutes
– Motor vehicle accidents
are the most common
cause of death
– 1 in 4 fatal work injuries
involves a vehicle
accident
Driving Hazards:
Human Error
– Reckless driving
– Distracted driving
– Fatigue
– Aggressive driving
– Failure to keep
vehicles in good
operating condition
– Driving under the
influence
Driving Hazards:
Dangerous Conditions
– Bad weather
– Difficult road
conditions
– Poor light or glare
– Heavy traffic
– Road work
– Accidents
Defensive Driving
Tips to Reduce Driving Hazards:
• Do not guarantee arrival times
• Routes must be planned with time
considerations
• Frequent ongoing vehicle inspections
• Keep up regular vehicle maintenance
schedules
Road Accident
• 1.2 Million people get killed (Global)
• Approx. 2 human lives per minute
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Top Causes of Road Accidents
• Failure to Yield Right of Way
• Reckless Overtaking
• Improper Turning
• Following Too Close (Tailgating)
• Exceeding Lawful Speed Limit
• Drunk Driving
• Use of Cellphone
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Men Drivers More Reckless
• 80% of all crashes where pedestrians were seriously
injured or killed
• Men more likely to be involved in serious accidents
• More likely to have experiences a crash
• More likely to have close call with pedestrians or
cyclist
• 1 in 5 admits being impatient driver
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Men Drivers More Reckless
• More likely to verbally abuse another driver
• More likely to rudely gesture at another driver
• More likely distracted
• Admits ofter use their mobile phone
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Results of Accidents
• Minor Injuries
• Property Damage
• Loss of Life and Limbs
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Motor Vehicle (C5)
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Which Vehicle will bring us Home?
Accident Statistics
• > 90% attributed to Driver’s Error
• Vehicle Defect
• Road Condition
Driving Safety Component
Driver
Road Condition
Driving
Method
Vehicle
Driver
• Requirements:
• Professional Driver’s License (RA 4136)
• Good Eyesight/ Hearing
• Read and Write (Filipino & English)
• Passed Drug test
• Normal Blood Pressure
• Not Epileptic
• Good Driving Skills
• “Mahaba ang Pasensya”
Qualifications for Driver’s License
• Professional • Non-Professional
– At least 18 years old – At least 17 years old
– Physically and mentally fit – Physically and mentally fit
– Not a drug user or an – Not a drug user or an
alcoholic alcoholic
– Not afflicted with – Not afflicted with
contagious disease or contagious disease or
epilepsy epilepsy
– Able to read and write – Able to read and write
Filipino or English Filipino or English
– Must be clean, neat and – Must be clean, neat and
presentable presentable
Requirements for Driver’s License
• Professional • Non-Professional
– Duly accomplished – Duly accomplished
Application Form Application Form
– Valid student permit (at – Valid student permit (at
least 5 months) least 1 month)
– Medical certificated – Medical certificated
– Negative drug test result – Negative drug test result
– TIN – TIN
– Clearance (NBI, Police or – Passed written and
Court) practical exam
– Passed written and
practical exam
Snellen Chart
Color Blindness Test
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2 5 28
Color Blindness Test
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6 16 29
Color Blindness Test
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10 7 30
Color Blindness Test
70 29 35 57 31
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Important Elements of a Safe Driver
• Physical Condition:
– Drunk
– On Drugs
– Fatigued
– Sleepy
– Sick
• Mental Condition:
– Mad
– Irritate
Obey Traffic Rules
And Use Common Sense
– Speed limits
– Traffic signs
and signals
– Follow the
2-second rule
– Signal your
intentions
– Pass with care and
only where allowed
Keep Alert and Be Prepared
– Keep your mind on your driving and
your hands on the wheel
– Scan the road ahead for problems
– Check mirrors frequently
– Expect the unexpected
– Yield to other drivers who are determined
to get there first
Adjust to Weather
And Road Conditions
– Slow down
– Turn on lights and wipers
– Increase following
distance to 4 seconds
– Avoid puddles
– Beware of misty rain
after a dry spell
– Be prepared to handle a skid safely
– Beware of icy patches
Be Extra Careful at Night
– Keep windshield clean to improve vision
– Turn lights on 1/2 hour before sunset
– Increase following distance to 4 seconds
– Be extra careful on curves and at
intersections
– Switch from high to low beams to keep
from blinding other drivers
– If you have trouble, pull completely off
the road and use flashers
Watch Out for Fatigue
– Be especially careful
during late night,
early morning, and
mid-afternoon hours
– Stop, take a nap, and
drink coffee if you’re
tired
– Stop every so often
over long distances
– Avoid medications
that cause
drowsiness
Keep Cool in Traffic
– Keep your
emotions in check
– Take steps to stay
relaxed no matter
what
– Allow enough time
to get there
– Don’t provoke
other drivers
– Report aggressive
drivers to the police
Alcohol
Effect of Alcohol
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• The effect of these drugs on driving are:
– unpredictable reactions.
– high-risk behavior.
– aggressive, violent behavior.
– visual distortion.
– time and distance distortion.
– impaired short term memory.
– delayed reaction time.
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Important Elements of a Safe Driver
• Competence:
• Attitude:
– Matagal na akong nagda-drive di ako maaaksidente
– Nagmamadali ako. Basta di mahuli okey lang
– Unahan lang yan, eh. / Takutan lang yan.
– Matigas ang Ulo!
– Di na kailangan ang Seatbelt! Malapit lang naman.
– Wala akong paki-alam sa iba. Ako ang hari ng kalsada
– Basta ako ang driver, ako masusunod.
– Basta Driver, Sweet Lover
Workshop
Group 1. Anu-ano ang mga katangian ng
isang “Barumbadong Magmaneho”
Group 2. Katangian ng isang Maayos at
Mahusay na Driver
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Defensive Driving
Defense is the
Best Offense
Offense is the
Best Defense
Defensive Driving
• Definition:
– To drive without having a preventable
accident
IWAS DISGRASYA
MAPAGBIGAY
Defensive Driving
• Driving to save lives, time and money in spite
of the conditions around you and the actions
of others.
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Requirement
• Attitude
• Knowledge and Strict observance of Traffic
Rules
– Yielding
– Right-of-Way
• Practices Road Courtesy
• Proper Speed/ Following Distance
• “See and Be Seen”
Defensive Driving Attitude
• Anticipates and Reacts
accordingly
– other driver, pedestrian,
bicyclist, animals
Anticipation
Look Up and Look Ahead
PLANNING ZONE
10 -15 SECS
SEEING ZONE
5 - 10 SECS
ACTION ZONE
2 - 5 SECS
Defensive Driving Attitude
• Aware of own vehicle’s
limitation
• Adjust speed to
changing weather and
traffic condition
• Buckle up for Safety
• Split second decisions
– If you can't get off the road and a head-on is
inevitable, use these split second decisions.
– Drive! don't skid off the road
– Second, hit something soft, not hard.
– Third, hit the fixed object with a glancing
blow.
– Fourth, hit a movable object at a glancing
blow.
Seat Belt
Seat Belt
• 59% of fatalities were not wearing seatbelt
No Seatbelt
S eatbelts
A re
F
or
E
veryone
Traffic Rules
• Traffic Signal
Blinking Red Blinking Yellow
Traffic lights
• Traffic lights
– Red light - A red light means slow down and
come to a complete stop!!
• Green light
– Drive through the intersection or turn if it is clear and
safe to do so
– First seconds following a light change to green are
most dangerous. Scan carefully.
Traffic may attempt to continue through
despite the red light.
• Yellow light
– If you are in the intersection or that stopping
would cause a collision, proceed through.
– When you are approaching a yellow light:
• slow down.
• cover your brake.
• be prepared to stop.
• if traffic is blocking the intersection, do not enter.
May invite a collision.
If You’re Involved
In an Accident
– Move to the side of the road and turn
off the ignition
– Perform a first-aid check
– Call the police
– Collect insurance and registration
information, and get a copy of the police
report
– Draw a sketch of the accident scene
– Don’t point blame or discuss fault
Traffic Sign Quiz
• Do you know your traffic signs?
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Three Classes of Signs
Nagbabawal Babala Information
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Road Signs
(Nagbabawal)
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Nagbibigay Babala
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Nagbibigay ng Information
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Traffic Signs
Why
Why II Stop
Stop Riding
Riding my
my Bike
Bike
I was riding my bike When I saw a woman We fooled around Until she was ready
lying down
First, she opened one Then the other She complemented me on my
leg size
And my weight We tried different styles And speeds
When I reached the She shouted She said she was not My excitement died
point of no return “STOP” on pill
Nine months later She I was a father I now walk the path of
phoned from the life
hospital
Yield
Right of Way
• Pedestrian
PEOPLE always have
the right of way
Right of Way (Visualize)
• Intersections
– First to arrive
– Same Time, Vehicle on the
Right of Way
– Vehicle on Main Road has
Right of Way
Round About (Rotonda)
• Vehicle inside the rotonda has the Right of Way
Exception
• Emergency Vehicle
– Ambulance
– Police Cars
– Firetrucks
– Military Vehicles
– Private Vehicles in emergency
Right of Way
• Never insist on taking the right-of-way even if
it belongs to you.
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Road Courtesy
• What is Road Courtesy?
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Road Courtesy
• Polite
• Signal Intention (30m)
Road Courtesy
• Passing
• Headlight
Road Courtesy
• Limit use of Horn
• Respecting the Right of Way of other Vehicles
• Respect for Pedestrian
• Respect for Traffic Enforcer
• Respect for Emergency Vehicles
Proper Speed
• Follow Speed Limits
•Adjust Speed to Road Conditions
•Dusk
•Night
•Sunny
•Heavy Rains
•Fog
Overspeeding
Hydroplanning
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Following Distance
• 3 - Second Rule
No Tailgating!
Pare, Pagnababasa mo ito,
Masyado ka nang Malapit!
Wak Tutok
Galit Barok
Safe Following Distance
3 na segundo para makapag-isip at makagawa
ng aksyon ang kailangan
3 seconds to think & act
60 feet or 18 meters =6 seconds
6 seconds for think & act
Safe Following Distance
3 na segundo para makapag-isip at makagawa ng aksyon ang kailangan
Perception
Time
Reaction
Time
Braking
Time
3-Second Rule
Ang unang sasakyan dumaan sa refereance
Start at bumilang ng isang liblo at isa
One thousand two...
One thousand three...
Overtaking Rules
Overtaking Rules
• When is Passing Not Allowed
– Solid Yellow lanes
– Blind Curve
– Uphill
– On Shoulders
– On Intersections
– Will Exceed Speed Limit
Overtaking Rules
• Never Pass
– Within 30 m of a railroad crossing
– Long row of vehicles
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Road Markings
Two-way
No Overtaking
Right Lane
No Overtaking
Left Lane
No Overtaking
Both Lanes
No Overtaking
Both Lanes
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Stop
No Overtaking
Both Sides
STOP
STOP
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Ped Xing
No Overtaking
Both Sides
STOP
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Intersection
No Overtaking
Both Sides
Keep
Intersection
Open
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Improper Parking
Improper Parking
Improper Parking
Improper Parking
Where Parking is Illegal
• Intersection (w/in 6 m)
• Firestation Driveway (w/in 4m)
• Fire Hydrant (w/in 4m)
• On Crosswalks
• In Front of Private Driveways
• At foot of Bridge
• Where Parking is Prohibited
Parking Reserved for Disabled Persons
Parking on Slopes
Level Ground: 18 in. from Curb
• Backing and parking lots
– To make backing as easy as possible:
• before you get into it, walk around it.
• roll down the window & turn off the radio to hear. .
• put your foot on the brake before you shift.
• back slowly.
• look in the direction you are driving.
ALWAYS REVERSE PARK!
• EXTRA CARE WHEN YOU SEE …….
• Taxis and buses
• Lines of parked cars
• Drinking or drunk pedestrians
• Bicycles/motorcycles
• Emergency vehicles
• Animals
• Pedestrians
Avoid Distractions
• Cell phones
• Stereo -( Adjusting)
• Talking to Passengers
• Outside Distractions
– Billboards
– Beautiful Ladies
Cellphone Use
• MMDA Regulation No. 97-001
– Use of Cellphone while driving is Unlawful
– Applies within Metro Manila
– Hands free devices are allowed
– Penalty: P 200.00 only
Billboards
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Texting and Driving
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•
Vehicle Maintenance
B Brakes, Battery
• L Lights
• O
Oil
• W
Wiper, Water
• F
• A Fuel, Fluids
• T Accessories (Aircon, Radio)
• C Tires
• H Cleanliness
Horn
Other Important Items
• Emergency Kit/Tools (pictures)
– Spare Tire
– Early Warning Device
– Tire Wrench
– Jack
– Screw Driver, Plier, etc.,
• OR/CR
Ten Commandments of Safe Driving
1. Do not drive when drunk or
drowsy or fatigued.
2. Do not pass without care on
curves, or hills or the view is
unseen by the eye.
3. Do not violate speed laws or
exceed speed limits
4. Do not disobey highway signs and
traffic signals
Ten Commandments of Safe Driving
5. Do not make a turn without signaling your
intentions
6. Do not accelerate your speed at schools,
playgrounds, hospitals and other danger zones
7. Do not be careless when crossing at intersections
8. Do not glare your headlights on approaching cars
at night
Ten Commandments of Safe Driving
9. Slow down when twilight comes and unsafe road
conditions are before you
10. Be courteous and respectful of the rights of every
driver and pedestrian
Emergencies:
• On coming vehicle crosses the centerline
– Why?
– What do you do?
• Stuck in Mud (Nabalaho) Picture
• Flood (picture 1ft - 2 ft.) Mention effects
Emergencies
• Tire Blow out (picture)
• Loss of Headlight (picture)
Collision (add pictures)
• Call for Help (Office, ambulance, police)
• Don’t Leave the accident scene
• Don’t Move the vehicle
• Get Photograph
• Do not admit responsibility immediately
Collision
• Obtain information
– Driver’s name, address, telephone number, Driver's
license number
– Name of insurance company and policy number;
– Names of passengers, including their address and phone
number;
– Names of witnesses with address and phone number;
– Names of the owner, address, phone number
Collision
• Make notes:
– Time of day,
– Weather conditions,
– Road conditions,
– Street lights, and the
– Presence or length of skid marks.
– Try to make a diagram noting the location of the vehicles,
crosswalks, stop signs, and traffic signals.
Regulations
• Color Coding
• Truck Ban
• Yellow Lanes
• Seat belt Law
• Helmet Law
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Truck Ban
• From 6:00 am – 9:00 am and
from 5:00pm – 9:00 pm
• Everyday except Sundays and Holidays
• Total Truck Ban: EDSA (Balintawak – Pasong
Tamo) 6:00 am – 9:00 pm everyday except
Sundays and Holidays
• Penalty: P500.00
Truck Ban
• Alternate Route to Port Area
– Southern Truck Route (South Superhighway)
– Northern Truck Route (North Diversion)
– Eastern Truck Route (Marcos Highway)
Color Coding
Unified Vehicular Reduction Program (UVRP)
• Starts at 7:00 am – 7:00 pm
• Window hours:
10:00 am – 3:00 pm
• No Window hours: Makati, Las Piñas.
• Pasig window: 9:00 am – 4:00 pm.
• Taguig: No Number Coding except for C5, East
Service Road and Manuel L. Quezon.
Color Coding
• Parañaque: Implements Number Coding
except for certain streets.
• Marikina and Muntinlupa: No Number Coding
• Buses covered by Number Coding with no
Window hours
• Motorcycles are exempted
Color Coding
• Vehicles Exempted from Color Coding:
– Emergency Vehicles (Ambulance, Fire Trucks, Police,
Military vehicles, private carrying person’s needing
medical attention)
– Gov’t Vehicles
– Diplomatic Vehicles
– Vehicles delivering perishable goods
– School bus
– Official Media vehicles
– Vehicles of Medical Practitioners in emergency
– Heavy vehicles for garbage, messengerial services,
petroleum products, power and water, gov’t flagship
proj
Seatbelt Law (RA 8750)
• Drive and Front seat passenger required to
wear 3-pt seatbelts.
• Rear passengers required to wear at least lap
belts.
• No Child under 6 years of age allowed to
occupy front seats.
• Exempt: Rear bench seat passengers and
Front seats of jeepneys and buses.
Fines / Penalties
• Most common Traffic Violations
• Counterflow:
– Driving against flow of traffic
– Entering one-way street
– Driving on wrong side of street.
– Penalty: P2,000.00
Fines / Penalties
• Violation related to License:
– Driving without license: P 750
– Driving with delinquent, invalid,
suspended, revoked 300
– Fake driver’s license 150
– Driving under the influence of liquor
or prohibited drug 2,000
Fines / Penalties
• Related to Registration
– Operating with unregistered
vehicle (vehicle to be impounded) P 450
– Failure to carry CR/OR 150*
• Violations Related to Number
plates/stickers
– No sticker/ plates not attached P 150
Fines / Penalties
• Violations relative to equipment
– Defective brakes, horn, headlights
rear lights, plate light, brake light, wiper
or cut or disconnected muffler. P 150
– Dirty / unsightly or dilapidated mv 150
– Non painting of business or trade name 150*
– Without spare tire 150
– Failure to carry EWD 150
– Failure to install EWD 4m (front & rear) 300
Fines / Penalties
• Reckless Driving:
– 1st Offense P 150
– 2nd Offense 750 & suspension of DL
– 3rd Offense 1,000 & revocation of DL
• Failure to Dim Headlights 150
• Driving in slippers or sleeveless shirt 100
How to Save on Fuel
• Warm up engine
• Avoid Jack-rabbit starts and sudden stops
• Keep proper tire pressure
• Shift to high gear as soon as you can
• Plan your trip
• Avoid parking in the sun
• Do not fill your gas tank to the brim
• Have car tuned-up regularly
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SAFE DRIVING
• Driver
• Driving Method
• Vehicle ATTITUDE
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Drive Safely
