Success Stories of Agricultural Biotechnology in India

Presented By: Presented to:

Madhu Bai Meena Dr. Deepak Jain
 Introduction
Department of Biotechnology (DBT) was established Under the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1986 .

Dr. Jitendra Singh Dr Rajesh S Gokhale

Hon'ble Minister of State of the Secretary
Ministry of Science and Technology Department of Biotechnology
Crop varieties developed through biotechnological approach
Crop Variety developed Trait
Maize HQPM1 (improved) and Vivek QPM 9 Pro-vitamin A rich variety
Pusa HM4 improved, Pusa HM9 improved, Pusa HM8 High lysine and trytophan
Rice Pusa Basmati 1728, Pusa Basmati 1718, CARI Dhan 6, Bacterial blight resistant
CARI Dhan 7
Improved White Ponni. Drought tolerant and heat resistant

Mushk Budji (improved) Blast resistant variety

HPR2143 (improved) Blast and bacterial leaf blight resistant

DRR Dhan -50 Two-in-one flood and drought tolerant

Swarna- sub 1, IR64– sub 1, Samba-Mahsuri- sub 1, Submergence tolerance variety

Ranjit-Sub1, Bahadur-Sub1 & CR_Dhan 802
Cont….
Wheat Unnat PBW343 and Unnat 347 Resistance against leaf and stripe rust

HI 8737 -Pusa Anmol, HI 8759 -Pusa Tejas High Yield and quality

Pearl millet TNBG 0608053 & TNBG 0608207 High grain yield and high beta carotene

content

CO3 (Soybean I) & JSS 35 (Soybean M) NRC127 Phytophthora and Powdery mildew

Soybean resistance

Tomato Punjab Chuhhara (improved) Leaf curl virus, late blight & root knot

nematode (Mi) resistance

Grape H90.24 and H98.23 Downy mildew resistance with bold berries
 Biotechnology in crop improvement
Plant host Gene source and gene Modified trait

Wheat Barley HVA1 Gene Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance

Tomato Solanum lycopersicum, SlDnaJ Chloroplast-targeted DnaJ protein Protects Rubisco activity under heat
stress

Tomato Solanum lycopersicum, eIF4E Creation of potyvirus potato virus Y (PVY) resistance using CRISPR/Cas9
technology.
(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E)

Rice Oryza satiava,OsERF922 Enhanced rice salinity tolerance by CRISPR/Cas9-Targeted editing

Tomato Solanum lycopersicum, Glycine betaine enhances salt tolerance by enhancing NaCl induced
expression of genes encoding the K+ transporter, Na+/H+ antiporter, and
coda gene encoding glycine betaine
H+-ATPase

Tobacco Barley, HvSHN1 Confers drought heat, and salt tolerance

 Wheat Genome Sequencing
• Department of Biotechnology (DBT) partnered with The International
Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) to achieve the most
challenging task of decoding of heaxaploid wheat genome.

• In the IWGSC, chromosomes and chromosome arms are divided among 20

participating countries

• India got task of sequencing 2 A chromosome

• Indian effort in decoding the wheat genome by a team of eighteen

scientists was directed by Dr. Kuldeep Singh at Punjab Agricultural
University Ludhiana (Now Director, NBPGR), Professor Nagendra
Singh at ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New
Delhi and Professor JP Khurana at the University of Delhi South
Campus.
 Potato Genome Sequence
The complex genome of potato has been deciphered by a consortium of 26
international institutes belonging to 14 countries including ICAR-CPRI, Shimla

Reference genome sequence will be

able to identify more rapidly genes
and regulatory elements underlying
complex agronomic traits such as
yield, resistance to fungal diseases,
and tolerance to abiotic stress.
 Speed Breeding
• Speed breeding’ (SB) shortens the breeding cycle and accelerates crop
‘
research through rapid generation advancement. SB can be carried out
in numerous ways, one of which involves extending the duration of
plants’ daily exposure to light, combined with early seed harvest, to
cycle quickly from seed to seed, thereby reducing the generation times
for some long-day (LD) or day-neutral crops.

• Inspired by NASA’s experiments to grow wheat in space, The NASA

experiments involved using continuous light on wheat which triggered
early reproduction in the plants. Speed breeding can be used to achieve
up to 6 generations per year.

• Developed by teams at the John Innes Centre, University of Queensland

and University of Sydney. Dr Lee Hickey from the University of
Queensland
 Speed Breeding Facility In India
• In India Speed breeding (SpeedBreed) facility was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 23
December 2021. The facility established at IRRI, South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC) in Varanasi.

• There are several other institutes with controlled speed breeding facilities in India, namely ICRISAT-
Hyderabad, PAU-Ludhiana, IARI-New Delhi, and IIPR-Kanpur, TNAU-Coimbatore which have all the
facilities to conduct speed breeding.
 Dipstick technology of ICAR-NRCR, Trichy for the detection of
Banana Bract Mosaic Virus
• Immunoassay based dipstick technology was
developed by ICAR-NRCB, Trichy based on
lateral flow immunochromatography principle
using antibodies.

• This kit is cheaper and could be used on site

by any illiterate persons with little skill for the
detection of Banana Bract Mosaic Virus
(BBrmv)
This was released by DG ICAR
 Achievements through Genetic Engineering
Bt Cotton

• Bt Cotton is India’s first transgenic crop. Govt. of India approved Bt cotton for commercial cultivation in 2002.

• Cry1Ac was incorporated into Coker 312 cotton variety by Monsanto and later named Bollgard I this variety show high level of

resistance to pink bollworm.

• Improved Bt-cotton with two Bt-genes (Cry1Ac and CryIIAb) now named Bollgard II and it confer broad spectrum resistance to

lepidopteran pest of cotton

Dhara Mustard Hybrid- 11

• DMH-11 is a genetically modified hybrid variety of the mustard

• Developed by Delhi University Prof. Deepak Pental

• Primarily DMH-11 involves 3 genes namely Bar, Barnase and Barstar. The Barnase gene confers male sterility, while the Barstar

gene restores fertility and the Bar gene is resistant to Glufosinate herbicide

• Increased yield app. 30 % greater than traditional mustard crop

 Bt Brinjal
• The Bt-brinjal is the first GM food crop in India. Bt Brinjal Event EE1 developed by Mahyco (2007)with
collaboration with UAS, Dharwad , IVRI and TNAU Coimbatore by adding cry1Ac from a soil bacterium
through Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer method

• October 14, 2009, the GEAC approved the cultivation of Bt brinjal in India, but the govt of India officially
announced moratorium on 9 February 2010, and then Environment & Forest Minister Mr. Jairam Ramesh
mentioned that there's no overriding urgency to introduce Bt brinjal in India.