HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION
&
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
By Eng. Moustafa El-Nagdy
OCTOBER 2004
Engineering for the Petroleum and Process Industries
HAZARDOUS LOCATION
Definition:
A Location Where An Ignitable Substance Present
(In Air) In Quantity Enough To Be Ignited By
Spark Or Thermal Source
: المكان ذو الخطورة
حيثم ا تتواج د م ادة قابل ة لألش تعال – بكمي ة تكفى لإلش تعال فى
الهواء حال وجود شرز أو مصدر حرارى
THREE ELEMENTS WHICH CAUSE FIRE HAZARD
مادة خطرة
Hazard
)Substance(
مثلث
الخطورة
مصدر اشعال هواء األكجسين
Source Of Air
Ignition (Oxygene)
To Minimize Hazard Of Ignition
Minimize: Elec. Equipment Allocation In
Hazardous Areas
Unless Otherwise : Some Precautions Must Be
Taken
تقليل الخطورة:
التقليل ما أمكن من وضع المعـــــــدات الكهربائيـــة فى أماكن الخطورة
أو إتخاذ بعض طرق الوقاية تتوقف على درجة ونوع الخطورة.
STANDARDS & CODES
In Europe In USA
There Are Standards Define NEC
Design & Construction (National Electric Code)
Of Electric Equipment USA
Or Apparatus NEC
To Different Methods Classes
Of Protection
CENELEC BS / ……. /……..
(English)
Or (In National Language
FUNDAMENTALS FOR
AREA CLASSIFICATION
Europe USA
IEC NEC
Gas Group Classes
Zones Divisions
FUNDAMENTALS FOR AREA CLASSIFICATION
(Cont’d)
Europe
IEC
Gas Group
Mines I Methane
Surface Industries II A Propane
Surface Industries II B Ethylene
Surface Industries II B Hydrogen
Zones 0
1
2
FUNDAMENTALS FOR AREA CLASSIFICATION
(Cont’d)
USA
NEC
Classes / Divisions
Class I Gas/Vapors Divisions
Class II Dusts Division 1
Class III Fibers Division 2
CRITERIA FOR AREA CLASSIFICATION
TO IEC AND NEC
IEC NEC
(Publication (Article
79 – 0) 500 – 4)
ZONE 0 Class 1,
Division 1
ZONE 1
Class 1,
ZONE 2 Division 2
CRITERIA FOR AREA CLASSIFICATION TO IEC AND NEC
(Cont’d)
IEC
(Publication 79 – 0)
ZONE 0
Explosive Gas – Air Mixture Is Continuously Present
ZONE 1
Explosive Gas – Air Mixture Is Likely To Occur In
Normal Operation
ZONE 2
Explosive Gas – Air Mixture Is Not Likely To Occur
And If It Occurs It Will Only Exist For A Short Time
CRITERIA FOR AREA CLASSIFICATION TO IEC AND NEC
(Cont’d)
NEC
(Article 500 – 4)
Class 1
Division 1
- Normal Operating Conditions
- Frequently Because Of Repair Or Maintenance
- In Abnormal Conditions But Cause Simultaneous
Failure Of Electric Equipment
Division 2
- Normally Confined Within Closed Containers.
- Normally Prevented By Positive Mechanical Ventilation.
- That Is Adjacent To A Class I, Division 1 Location.
Apparatus Of Course, Meeting A Higher Temperature
Class (e.g. T5) Can Be Used For Applications
Requiring A Lower Temperature Class (e.g.T2 Or T3)
Temperature Classes
HOW TO AVOID HAZARD ?
Electrical Equipment Should Not Be Come
Source Of Ignition
Or Releasing Ignition Energy
i.e Design Electrical Equipment Within
Temperature Class
Mark, Certify For Use In Certain Hazardous Area
(Location)
EUROPE
Certification Giving Information: Design
Construction,
(Ruling Bodies)
CENELEC EN 50 … 014, 039
BS 5345 BS 5501
Test House Certify Approved For ....
CENELEC Standards Does Not Cover Install… ?
Maintenance…?
(Local Consider This)
Equipment Conforms To STD
Certified By Test House
Marked With Community Mark
USA
NEC USA : NEC The Main Source Of Information
“NFPA” Equipment / Electrical In Hazardous
Issuance Location
ANSI STD : The Details For Specific Methods Of
Protection
UL : Under Writer Lab ISA
FM : Factory Mutual
EUROPE / U S A
EXPLOSION (FLAME) PROOF XD:
The Enclosure Is To Prevent An Internal Explosim To
Be Transmitted To Outside
Pressuring (Purging) P: The Pressure With Inert
(Protective Gas) Higher Than That Of Outside
Atmosphere
Intersically Safe I :
Where No Thermal Effect Or Spark Can Be Generated
In Both, Normal Or Faulty Condition
Oil Impressed O
Determination Of
Degree And Extent
Of Classified Locations
Adequately Ventilated Process Area With Heavier
Than - Air Gas Or Vapor Source Located Near Grade
Adequately Ventilated Process Area With Heavier
Than - Air Gas Or Vapor Source Located Above Grade
Adequately Ventilated Process Area With Heavier
Than - Air Gas Or Vapor Source
Adequately Ventilated Compressor Shelter With Lighter
Than - Air Gas Or Vapor Source
Inadequately Ventilated Compressor Shelter With
Lighter Than - Air Gas Or Vapor Source
Adequately Ventilated Process Area With Lighter
Than - Air Gas Or Vapor Source
Volatile Oil Storage Tank
Refinery Tank With Heavier Than Air Gas Source
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR EXPLOSIVE GAS
ATMOSPHERES
This Standard Specifies The General Requirements For
Construction, Testing And Marking Of Electrical Apparatus
For Explosive Gas Atmospheres And Is Supplemented Or
Modified By The Following Parts Of IEC Publication 79
Concerning Specific Types Of Protection:
Flameproof Enclosures (Publication 79-1)
Pressurized Enclosures (Publication 79-2)
Sand-filled Apparatus (Publication 79-5)
Oil-immersed Apparatus (Publication 79-6)
Increased Safety (Publication 79-7)
Intrinsic Safety (Publication 79-11)
