Electronic Paper Displays
Presented by:
Arnab Aditya Sethi
Regd No:
0711015041
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CONTENT :
• Introduction to E Paper
• Structure of E Paper
• Types of E paper
• Properties of E Paper
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
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Introduction to E Paper
• E paper is a electronic display
device that possesses qualities
of paper.
• E paper is unique as it is
flexible in nature.
• E paper display or EPD is also
known as Electronic ink
display.
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Introduction
• The first electronic paper was
developed in 1970 and was
named as GYRICON.
• Gyricon consisted of tiny
charged capsules that were
white on one side and black on
other.
• The balls turned up or down to
change the color.
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Structure of E Paper
• E paper consists of three layers :
1. Sealing layer
2. E ink layer
3. Substrate with conductor
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Types of E Paper Displays
• Electrophoretic Display
• Electrowetting Display
• Electrofluidic Display
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Electrophoretic Display
• Works on the principle of
Electrophoresis.
• Colored dye and charged
pigments are used for
representation of colors.
• Most common type of E paper
used.
• Least power consumption.
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Electrophoretic Display
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Modified Electrophoretic Display
• Each pixel is separated in form of a spherical bead.
• TiO2 microcapsules and dye present in each bead.
• Modified form of Gyricon.
• Contrast ratio is higher.
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Contd..
COLOUR DISPLAY :
• Same process with RGB filter above pixel.
• Brightness is reduced.
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Contd..
• Graph shows brightness increases slightly with
increase in voltage in electrophoretic displays.
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Electrowetting Display
• Electrowetting display is
based on the changing shape
of confined water/oil
interface inside the
electrodes.
• Oil used are generally colored
hydrocarbon oils.
• Highest brightness and color
reproducibility among all
technologies.
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Electrowetting Display
• When no volage is applied,
the output is a pixel with the
color of the oil.
• When voltage is applied,the
output is a dark pixel.
• On application of voltage,
interfacial tension in water
causes it to push the oil.
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Electrofluidic Display
• Voltage is applied to both the
electrodes as well as the dye
particle.
• When no volage is applied,
the output is a pixel with
color of the substrate.
• When voltage is applied, the
entire pixel gets lighted up.
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Electrofluidic Display
• When no voltage is applied,
the ink pigments remain
inside the cavity.
• On application of voltage, due
to increase in surface tension
the pigments disperse and
the enire pixel is colored.
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Specifications
• Voltage Rating : 5V – 50V
• Power Rating : 5 µ Watts/sq. cm
• Operating Temperature : -10 O C to 70 O C
• Resolution : 5 lines per mm
• Display Size : 1in to 10ft or even more
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Properties of E Paper
• Highly flexible and portable Displays.
• Reflects ambient light rather than emitting own light.
• Very wide viewing angle (approx 170 degrees).
• Accurate color reproduction.
• Various organic and inorganic substances can be used as ink
pigments. Eg – TiO2 Microcapsules, Cellulose
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Advantages of E Paper
• Ultra low power consumption compared to any other kind of
display.
• Unique as it is the only flexible display.
• Brightness remains intact even under direct
sunlight.
• Very light weight and portable.
• Low cost.
• High lifetime of 20000 hours.
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Disadvantages of E Paper
• Refresh rate is very low.
• Ghosting of image when fast moving
pictures are displayed.
• Poor Contrast ratio compared to LCD,
LED and Plasma Displays.
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Applications of E Paper
• Can be used as Primary or secondary
displays in mobile equipments.
• Digital wrist watches.
• Integrated displays on Smartcards.
• Large scale advertisement hoardings.
• Price tag in retail outlets.
• Public information panels in Railway
stations, weather monitoring stations.
• Electronic alternative to paper
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Conclusion
Finally, we can conclude that E paper displays are the
displays of the future because they are very energy efficient,
truly portable and can be used universally in various fields in
which electronic displays haven’t ventured till now.
It can also be assumed that after a few years this
technology will eventually replace paper and lead us to a
“paperless” world.
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References
[1] Electrophoretic Display Technology by Andrew L. Dalisa, IEEE transactions on
electronic devices,Vol 74, No 7, July 2001.
[2] Crowley, J. M.;Sheridon,N.K.;Romano, L. "Dipole moments of gyricon balls" Journal
of Electrostatics 2002, 55, (3-4), 247.
[3] E-Paper Soon To Be in Living Color, APRIL 2008 (Vol. 41, No. 4) pp. 20-220018-
9162/08 © 2008 IEEE, Published by the IEEE Computer Society.
[4] Blankenbach K, Schmoll A, Bitman A, Bartels F and Jerosch D 2008 Novel highly
reflective and bistable electrowetting displays SID J. 16 237–44
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Thank You !
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