Scribd
Upload
73 views24 pages

Atomic Models: A Historical Overview

This document summarizes the major historical models of the atom: 1. John Dalton's 1803 solid sphere model proposed atoms as indivisible spheres but did not account for subatomic particles. 2. J.J. Thompson's 1904 plum pudding model identified electrons but depicted the atom as a uniform positive charge with electrons scattered throughout. 3. Ernest Rutherford's 1911 gold foil experiment revealed the nucleus and led to the nuclear model, though it did not explain electron behavior. 4. Niels Bohr's 1913 planetary model proposed stable electron orbits around the nucleus but did not account for heavier atoms. 5. Erwin Schrodinger's 1926 quantum model depicted electrons as

Uploaded by

Byance Lopez Villafuerte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
73 views24 pages

Atomic Models: A Historical Overview

This document summarizes the major historical models of the atom: 1. John Dalton's 1803 solid sphere model proposed atoms as indivisible spheres but did not account for subatomic particles. 2. J.J. Thompson's 1904 plum pudding model identified electrons but depicted the atom as a uniform positive charge with electrons scattered throughout. 3. Ernest Rutherford's 1911 gold foil experiment revealed the nucleus and led to the nuclear model, though it did not explain electron behavior. 4. Niels Bohr's 1913 planetary model proposed stable electron orbits around the nucleus but did not account for heavier atoms. 5. Erwin Schrodinger's 1926 quantum model depicted electrons as

Uploaded by

Byance Lopez Villafuerte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Atomic Structure

Models of the atoms

1904 – J.J. Thompson 1911 – Rutherford


1803 – Dalton Solid
Plum Pudding Model Gold Foil Experiment
Sphere Model
(The electron) ( The nucleus)

1913 – Bohr Planetary 1926 – ERWIN


Model (distinct energy SCHRODINGER
levels for electrons) QUANTUM MODEL
1803 – Dalton Solid Sphere Model

 John Dalton
 Drew the idea of atoms (the word ‘atom’ comes
from the Greek ‘atomos’ meaning indivisible).
 States that are atoms are indivisible.
1803 – Dalton Solid Sphere Model

 Pros – Recognized atoms of a


particular element differ from
other elements.
 Cons – Atoms aren’t
indivisible – they’re
composed from subatomic
particles.
1904 – J.J. Thompson Plum Pudding Model

 Discovered electrons (which he called


‘corpuscles’)
 It shows the atoms as composed of electrons
scattered throughout a spherical cloud of positive
charge
1904 – J.J. Thompson Plum Pudding Model

 Pros – Recognized electrons


as components of atoms.

 Cons – No nucleus.
1911 – Rutherford Nuclear Model

 Ernest Rutherford

 Gold Foil Experiment


1911 – Rutherford Nuclear Model

 Pros – Realized positive


charge was localized in the
nucleus of an atom.

 Cons – Did not explain why


electrons remain in orbit
around the nucleus.
1913 – Bohr Planetary Model

 Niels Bohr

 Modified Rutherford’s model of the atom by


stating that electrons moved around the nucleus
in orbits of fixed sizes and energies.
1913 – Planetary Model

 Pros – Proposed stable electron


orbits; explained the emission spectra
of some elements
 Cons – Moving electrons should emit
energy and collapse into the nucleus
model did not work well for heavier
atoms
1926 – Quantum Model

 ERWIN SCHRODINGER

 Stated that electrons do not move in set paths


around the nucleus, but in waves. It is impossible
to know the locations of the electrons; instead we
have ‘clouds of probability’
Orbitals

 In which we are more likely to find an electron.


1926 – Quantum Model

 Pros – Shows electrons don’t move


around the nucleus in orbits but in
clouds where their position in
uncertain
 Pros – Still widely accepted as the
most accurate model of the atom.
Atom

1.Protons – positively charged particle


2.Neutrons – no charge
3.Electrons – negatively charged particle
IONS

 When an atoms loses or gains one or more


electrons it acquires a net electric charge and is
called an ion.
IONS

 The net charge on an ion is found by subtracting


the number of electrons from the number of
protons.

 Charge ion = number of protons – number of


electrons.
Example: Magnesium

 Charge ion = number of protons – number of


electrons.

no. of protons 12
-no of electrons -10
Charge of ion +2
 To write an ion with chemical symbols, place its
charge to the upper right of the chemical symbol
for the element.

 For example: Mg ²⁺
Cations

 positively-charged ions (atoms or groups of atoms


that have more protons than electrons due to
having lost one or more electrons).
Anion

 Anions are negatively-charged ions (meaning they


have more electrons than protons due to having
gained one or more electrons).
Electrolytes

 Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other


body fluids that carry an electric charge.
ACTIVTIY 3.2 ATOMIC MODEL

You might also like