Title: The halogens (group 7)
Learning Objective: Today I will be learning about group 7 on the
periodic table
These are the halogens or Group 7 Elements.
Label them on your periodic table
H He
He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Ne
Na Mg Al Si
Ar P S Cl
Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Rn
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ?
Electronic Structure
All the Group 7 elements have 1 electron in their outermost
shell
F Fluorine
Cl Chlorine
Br Bromine
I Iodine
At
Astatine
Melting Points
The atoms in the Group 7 form Element Melting Boiling State at
molecules made of a pair of point point room
(oC) (oC) tempera
halogen atoms ture
Iodine forms the molecule I2, Fluorine -220 -118
(F2)
chlorine forms the molecule
Chlorine -101 -34
Cl2 ….ect (Cl2)
Bromine -7 59
Can you work out whether (Br2)
each element would be a Iodine 114 184
(I2)
gas, liquid or solid at room
temperature?
Melting Points
Melting and boiling point Element Melting Boiling State at
point point room
increases down the (oC) (oC) tempera
group ture
Fluorine -220 -118 Gas
This is because the size of (F2)
the atom increases Chlorine -101 -34 Gas
(Cl2)
The intermolecular forces Bromine -7 59 Liquid
become stronger (Br2)
Iodine 114 184 Solid
(I2)
Therefore, more energy is
required to break the
forces
Reactivity and Electron Structures R
e
a
As you go down the group reactivity c
decreases F t
i
v
When a group 7 atom takes part in a Cl i
t
chemical reaction it gains an y
electron in its outer shell and Br
I
becomes a negatively charged ion n
I c
r
Group 7 atoms get larger down the e
group. As the atom gets bigger, the As a
s
force of attraction towards the e
nucleus decreases, making it more s
difficult to gain an electron
Reactions with metals
The halogens react with metals to
produce salts
For example, sodium reacts with chlorine
to produce sodium chloride
sodium light
potassium
Learning check
hydrogen lithium alkali metals
reactive francium down water
Group 1 elements are called _____ _____. They get more ______ as
you go _____ the periodic table. This is shown when the elements are
added to _____. ______ is the least reactive and ______ is the most
reactive. When these elements react with water, ______ is given off.
Learning check
Group 1 elements are called alkali metals. They get more reactive as
you go down the periodic table. This is shown when the elements are
added to water. Lithium is the least reactive and Francium is the most
reactive. When these elements react with water, hydrogen is given off.
Lithium hydroxide hydrogen
Sodium hydroxide hydrogen
Potassium hydroxide hydrogen
Rubidium hydroxide hydrogen
Caesium hydroxide hydrogen
Quiz!
How many electrons do the alkali
metals have in their outer shell?
A.1
B.2
C.4
D.7
What charge ions are formed by the
alkali metals?
A.4
B.3
C.2
D.1
Which answer places the alkali metals in
order of increasing reactivity?
A. Na, Li, K,
B. K, Na, Li
C. Li, Na, K
D. Li, K, Na
When alkali metals react with water
we get:
A.Hydrogen + a metal oxide
B.Oxygen + a metal oxide
C.Hydrogen + a metal hydroxide
D.Oxygen +a metal hydroxide
