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Phenytoin and Sodium Valproate Overview

Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant drug used to treat epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, trigeminal neuralgia, and behavioral disorders. It works by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels. Common side effects include central nervous system toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and gingival hyperplasia. Overdose management involves securing the airway, cardiac monitoring, IV fluid resuscitation, and potentially gastric decontamination. Sodium valproate is also an anticonvulsant that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and GABA transaminase. It is used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, migraines, impulsivity and aggression.

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63 views5 pages

Phenytoin and Sodium Valproate Overview

Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant drug used to treat epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, status epilepticus, trigeminal neuralgia, and behavioral disorders. It works by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels. Common side effects include central nervous system toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and gingival hyperplasia. Overdose management involves securing the airway, cardiac monitoring, IV fluid resuscitation, and potentially gastric decontamination. Sodium valproate is also an anticonvulsant that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and GABA transaminase. It is used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, migraines, impulsivity and aggression.

Uploaded by

wabid58174
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Phenytoin

• At first, anticonvulsants were prescribed only for people who did not
respond to lithium. Today, they are often prescribed alone, with
lithium, or with an antipsychotic drug to control mania.
Phenytoin
• An anticonvulsant/anti-epileptic drug. Mechanism of action

Indications
• Epilepsy
• Generalised tonic-clonic seizure
• Status epilepticus
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Behaviour disorders.
Contraindications
• Allergy
• Pregnancy
Phenytoin
Phenytoin is available in oral and parenteral
Phenytoin displays its primary signs of toxicity on the nervous and
formulations. cardiovascular systems. Overdose of oral phenytoin mainly causes
Administration neurotoxicity, whereas cardiovascular toxicity is the main side
effect of parenteral administration.
• 3 to 4 mg/kg PO or 150-300mg PO OD as a single
dose or divided dose.
• 10-15 mg/kg IV slow infusion. IV phenytoin may
Management
cause hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias if infused
too quickly.
• Assess and secure airway,
breathing and circulation.
Adverse effects
• Obtain IV access – IV fluid
• CNS toxicity (nystagmus, ataxia, vertigo)
• Peripheral neuropathy resuscitation
• Phenytoin encephalopathy • Supplemental oxygen if required
• Gingival hyperplasia – reduction in uptake of folate
• Hyperglycemia – inhibit insulin release • Cardiac monitoring
• Megaloblastic anemia – folate deficiency
• Consider gastric
decontamination - Activated
Sodium Valproate
• An anticonvulsant/anti-epileptic drug Mechanism of action
• Inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels
• Used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder and • Inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid
migraine headaches. (GABA) transaminase
• Increased GABA synthesis
Indications • Blocks T-type Ca²⁺ currents
• Various seizure types
• Emergency treatment of status epilepticus
• Manic episodes associated with bipolar
disorder
• Impulsivity, agitation, and aggression
• Migraine prophylaxis
Sodium valproate
Contraindications
• Allergy
• Hepatic impairment

Administration
• Complex partial seizure : 10 to 15 mg/kg/day Management
PO
• Assess and secure airway, breathing and
• Mania : 250 to 500 mg PO TDS circulation.
• Initial stabilization.
• Supplemental oxygen if required
• Establish early IV access – IV resuscitation
• Gastric decontamination – Activated charcoal

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