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Understanding Frameshift Mutations

Frameshift mutations refer to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases that are not multiples of three, causing a shift in the reading frame. Point mutations change a single nucleotide, while frameshift mutations are additions or deletions that cause a shift in the reading frame. Germline mutations occur in gametes and are inherited, while somatic mutations occur after conception and can cause diseases like cancer. Gene mutations directly change DNA sequences, while chromosomal mutations involve deletions, duplications, or rearrangements at the chromosomal level during cell division.

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56 views9 pages

Understanding Frameshift Mutations

Frameshift mutations refer to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases that are not multiples of three, causing a shift in the reading frame. Point mutations change a single nucleotide, while frameshift mutations are additions or deletions that cause a shift in the reading frame. Germline mutations occur in gametes and are inherited, while somatic mutations occur after conception and can cause diseases like cancer. Gene mutations directly change DNA sequences, while chromosomal mutations involve deletions, duplications, or rearrangements at the chromosomal level during cell division.

Uploaded by

Avriane Dela Cruz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

Refers to the insertion or deletion of


nucleotide bases in numbers that are not
multiples of three.

INSERTION AND DELETIONS are often


called frameshift mutation
POINT MUTATION VS FRAMESHIFT

• Point mutation change a SINGLE


NUCLEOTIDE.
• Frameshift mutation, are additions, or
deletions of nucleotides that causes a shift in
the reading frame
CONSERVATIVE VS NON
CONSERVATIVE MISSENSE MUTATION
• Conservative missense mutation occurs when an amino acid is
replaced by a different amino acid from the same color block
• Results in amino acid substitution that preserve essential chemical
characteristics of the original
Ex. Leucine for an isoleucine, an aspartate for glutamine, a lysine for an
arganine

• Non conservative missense mutation occur when amino acid has


different properties
2 types of mutation

• GERMLINE MUTATION - occur in GAMETES. They are


transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have
mutation

• SOMATIC MUTATION – an alteration in DNA that occurs AFTER


conception. It can occur in any of the cells of the body EXCEPT the
GERM CELL ( sperm and egg cell)
• These alterations can ( but do not always ) cause cancer or other
diseases.
GENE MUTATION VS CHROMOSOMAL
MUTATION
• Gene mutation is a PERMANENT change in the
DNA sequence that makes up gene

• Chromosomal mutation occurs at the chromosomal


level resulting in gene DELETION,
DUPLICATION, REARRANGEMENT that may
occur DURING THE CELL CYCLE AND
MEIOSIS.
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
TRANSLOCATION DELETION INVERSION

1. No. of Chromosomes 2 1 1

2. Changes happened Broke apart and attached it Broke apart Broke apart, reversed and
to another chromosome reinserted it into the
chromosome

3. Result Either GAIN or loss Loss of genetic material Either GAIN or LOSS OF
genetic material GENETIC MATERIAL

Or Or
NO LOSS or GAIN OF NO LOSS OR GAIN of
GENETIC MATERIAL genetic material during the
during the EXCHANGE process
PROCESS
BIODIVERSITY
• Variety of all living things and their
interactions
• It benefits people in many ways –
economic , ecological or esthetical
• The more diverse, more stable ecosystem
DENSITY-DEPENDED VS INDEPENDENT LIMITING
FACTORS
DENSITY-DEPENDED VS INDEPENDENTINDEPENDENT
LIMITING FACTORS

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